Generic Medicines:

Generic medicines are pharmaceutical drugs that contain the same active ingredients as their brand-name counterparts. These active components are responsible for the drug’s therapeutic effects in the body. Once the patent of a brand-name drug expires, other manufacturers are legally allowed to produce and sell its generic version.

Although generic drugs may look different—due to variations in color, shape, or flavoring—they work the same way in the body. These differences are usually due to inactive ingredients, which do not affect the drug's performance or safety.

Generic medicines are significantly more affordable than brand-name drugs because they do not carry the same development, research, and promotional expenses. Despite the lower price, they are required by regulatory authorities (such as the FDA) to meet the same high standards for quality, strength, purity, safety, and efficacy.

To ensure this, generic drug manufacturers must prove that their products are bioequivalent to the original brand. This means the generic drug delivers the same amount of active ingredient into a patient’s bloodstream in the same time frame as the brand-name version. Additionally, generic drugs must match the brand-name versions in dosage form, strength, and method of administration. For instance, if the original drug is an oral tablet, the generic must also be an oral tablet with identical strength.

Regulatory agencies also inspect manufacturing facilities to ensure compliance with strict production and quality control standards and continue to monitor generic drugs for safety and effectiveness after they enter the market.

We provide a wide selection of high-quality generic medications that are therapeutically equivalent to brand-name products. Below is a list of the generic drugs we currently supply:

Abemaciclib

Abemaciclib generic Verzenio is a prescription medicine used to treat a specific type of breast cancer called HR-positive, HER2-negative. This means the cancer grows in response to hormones but does not have too much of a protein called HER2. Abemaciclib works by blocking certain enzymes (CDK4 and CDK6) that cancer cells need to grow, helping to slow or stop the spread of cancer. It is usually used in adults with advanced or metastatic breast cancer, often along with hormone therapy, or sometimes alone if other treatments no longer work.

Abiraterone Acetate

Abiraterone Acetate generic Zytiga is a prescription medicine used to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This type of prostate cancer continues to grow even after the testosterone levels are lowered, often through treatments like surgery or medication. Abiraterone Acetate works by blocking the production of testosterone, which helps slow or stop the cancer's growth. It is typically prescribed for patients who have already received chemotherapy that included a drug called docetaxel but the cancer has not responded to treatment.

Abrocitinib

Abrocitinib is a prescription medicine used to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (also known as eczema) in adults and children aged 12 years and older. It is specifically for patients whose condition is not well controlled with other systemic treatments, including biologics, or for those who cannot use such treatments. Abrocitinib works by blocking specific enzymes (called JAK1) involved in the body’s immune response, helping to reduce inflammation, itching, and skin rashes associated with atopic dermatitis.

Acalabrutinib

Acalabrutinib is a prescription medication used to treat certain types of blood cancers, specifically mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). It is especially helpful for people with MCL who have already received at least one prior treatment. Acalabrutinib works by blocking a protein called Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), which is involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells. By inhibiting this protein, the drug helps slow down or stop the cancer from spreading.

ACARBOSE

Acarbose is a prescription medicine used to help manage high blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. It is usually part of a complete treatment plan that includes a healthy diet and regular exercise. Acarbose works by slowing down the breakdown of carbohydrates in the intestines, which helps prevent sudden spikes in blood sugar after meals. It is not used to treat type 1 diabetes or diabetic emergencies, but it can be very effective in helping type 2 diabetes patients maintain better blood sugar control over time.

Acyclovir

Acyclovir is a prescription medicine used to treat viral infections caused by the herpes virus, including cold sores (herpes labialis), genital herpes, and shingles. It is especially used in adults with a healthy immune system to manage recurrent cold sores. Acyclovir works by stopping the virus from multiplying, which helps reduce the severity and duration of symptoms like pain, itching, and blisters. While it doesn't cure the infection, it helps control outbreaks and reduces the risk of spreading the virus to others.

Adagrasib

Adagrasib is a prescription medicine used to treat a specific type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has a mutation in the KRAS G12C gene. This medication is designed for patients whose cancer has progressed after at least one previous treatment. Adagrasib works by targeting and blocking the abnormal KRAS protein that causes cancer cells to grow uncontrollably. By doing so, it helps slow down or stop the growth and spread of the cancer.

Adalimumab

Adalimumab is a prescription medicine used to treat a wide range of long-term inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It works by blocking a protein in the body called TNF (tumor necrosis factor) that causes inflammation. This helps reduce pain, swelling, and damage in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, plaque psoriasis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and non-infectious uveitis. Adalimumab is used in both adults and children, depending on the condition, to improve symptoms and help prevent disease from getting worse.

Adapalene

Adefovir Dipivoxil is a prescription medicine used to treat chronic hepatitis B, a long-term viral infection that affects the liver. It is approved for use in patients 12 years and older. This medicine works by slowing down the growth of the hepatitis B virus in the body, which helps reduce liver damage and lowers the risk of serious complications like liver failure or liver cancer. While it doesn’t cure the infection, it helps manage the disease and improves liver function over time.

ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL

Adapalene is a prescription medicine used mainly to treat acne vulgaris (common acne) and sometimes keratosis pilaris (a skin condition causing rough patches and tiny bumps). It works by affecting skin cells at a deep level—helping to prevent clogged pores, reduce inflammation, and promote healthy skin turnover. Adapalene binds to specific receptors in the skin that regulate how skin cells grow and shed, which helps clear acne and stop new breakouts from forming. It is most often used on the face, back, or chest where acne is common.

Afatinib

Afatinib is a prescription medicine mainly used to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in patients whose cancer has certain mutations in the EGFR gene. It is also used in some cases of advanced breast cancer and in squamous NSCLC that has worsened after platinum-based chemotherapy. Afatinib works by blocking specific proteins (called EGFR and other related receptors) that help cancer cells grow and spread, thereby slowing or stopping their growth.

Alectinib

Alectinib generic Alecensa is a prescription medicine used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is positive for a change in the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene. This specific type of lung cancer tends to grow and spread due to this gene mutation. Alectinib works by blocking the ALK protein, helping to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells. It is commonly used when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic NSCLC) and is often prescribed as a first-line treatment in ALK-positive patients.

Alogliptin Benzoate

Alogliptin Benzoate is a prescription medicine used to help manage high blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is typically used along with a proper diet and regular exercise to improve blood sugar control. Alogliptin works by increasing the levels of certain natural substances (incretins) that help the body produce more insulin after meals and reduce the amount of sugar made by the liver. It is not used for type 1 diabetes or to treat diabetic ketoacidosis.

Alpelisib

Alpelisib is a prescription medicine used to treat a specific type of advanced or metastatic breast cancer that is hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative, and has a mutation in the PIK3CA gene. It is approved for use in postmenopausal women and men whose cancer has progressed during or after hormonal (endocrine-based) treatment. Alpelisib works by blocking a protein involved in cancer cell growth, helping to slow or stop the spread of the disease. It is given in combination with another drug called fulvestrant to improve effectiveness.

AMIFOSTINE

Amifostine is a prescription medicine used to protect healthy tissues from damage during certain cancer treatments. It is mainly used to reduce the risk of kidney problems in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy and to help prevent dry mouth caused by radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Amifostine works by shielding normal cells from the harmful effects of radiation and chemotherapy, without protecting the cancer cells, allowing the treatment to remain effective against the tumor.

Amiodarone

Amiodarone is prescribed to treat serious irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, which can be life-threatening if not managed properly. It helps to restore a normal heart rhythm and maintain a steady heartbeat by controlling the electrical signals in the heart. This medicine is usually given when other treatments have not worked or are not suitable. Since it is a strong medication, it must be used only under a doctor's supervision.

Amlodipine Besilate

Amlodipine Besilate is mainly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and chest pain caused by heart disease (angina). It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels, which helps the blood flow more easily, lowers blood pressure, and reduces the heart’s workload. This action improves oxygen supply to the heart and can help prevent chest pain. It is prescribed by a doctor and is often used when long-term control of blood pressure or angina is needed.

AMOXICILLIN

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including chest infections like pneumonia, throat infections, urinary tract infections, and dental abscesses. It works by preventing bacteria from building their protective cell walls, which stops their growth and eventually kills them. This medicine is only effective against bacterial infections, not viral ones like the common cold or flu. Amoxicillin must be prescribed by a doctor and taken exactly as directed to ensure it works properly and to avoid antibiotic resistance.

Amphotericin B

Amphotericin B is prescribed to treat serious and potentially life-threatening fungal infections, such as cryptococcal meningitis, systemic candidiasis, and aspergillosis. It works by binding to the fungal cell membrane, causing it to leak and eventually die, which helps clear the infection from the body. This medicine is usually used in hospital settings for patients with weakened immune systems or severe infections that do not respond to other antifungal treatments. It is a prescription-only medication and must be given under medical supervision.

Anagrelide

It seems there may be some confusion between two different drugs. Anagrelide is not used for breast cancer treatment. Instead, Anagrelide is prescribed to lower high platelet counts in people with conditions like essential thrombocythemia, a rare blood disorder where the bone marrow produces too many platelets. High platelet levels can increase the risk of blood clots, strokes, or heart attacks. Anagrelide works by slowing the production of platelets in the bone marrow and is usually used when other treatments are not effective or suitable.

Anamorelin

Anamorelin is prescribed to treat cancer cachexia, a condition seen in advanced cancer patients where the body experiences severe weight loss, especially of muscle mass, along with reduced appetite. It works by activating ghrelin receptors, which help stimulate appetite, improve metabolism, and increase body weight and muscle mass. This can improve the patient’s strength, energy, and overall quality of life. While it helps manage symptoms of cachexia, it is not a cure for cancer itself and is used as part of supportive care in patients with certain types of cancer.

Anastrozole

Anastrozole is used mainly to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It works by lowering estrogen levels in the body, which helps slow or stop the growth of certain breast cancers that need estrogen to grow. It is often prescribed after surgery to reduce the risk of cancer returning or spreading and may be given after initial treatment with tamoxifen. Anastrozole is also used to treat advanced breast cancer when the disease has progressed. This medicine requires a doctor’s prescription and close monitoring during treatment.

Anlotinib

Anlotinib is primarily used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who have already undergone other treatments. It is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that works by blocking several pathways involved in cancer cell growth, including those that help tumors form new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and those that signal cancer cells to grow and divide. By disrupting these processes, Anlotinib helps slow tumor progression and may shrink the tumor over time. It is a prescription medicine and should only be used under a doctor's supervision.

Anti-Human Thymocyte Immunoglobulin [rabbit]

Anti-Human Thymocyte Immunoglobulin [rabbit] is primarily used to prevent and treat kidney transplant rejection by suppressing the body's immune response. After a transplant, the immune system may recognize the new kidney as foreign and try to attack it. This medicine contains antibodies that target and reduce the number of T-cells—white blood cells that play a key role in the rejection process—helping the body accept the transplanted organ. It is also used in some cases of severe aplastic anemia. This treatment is only given under a doctor’s supervision in a hospital setting.

Antithymocyte Globulin-Equine

Antithymocyte Globulin-Equine is used to treat severe aplastic anemia and to help prevent or treat kidney transplant rejection. It works as an immunosuppressant by targeting and reducing the activity of certain white blood cells (mainly T-cells) that can attack the body’s own tissues or a transplanted organ. In aplastic anemia, it helps stop the immune system from damaging the bone marrow, allowing normal blood cell production to recover. In transplant patients, it helps prevent the immune system from rejecting the new kidney. This medicine is prescribed and administered under strict medical supervision.

Apalutamide

Apalutamide is prescribed to treat non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC)—a form of prostate cancer that continues to grow even when testosterone levels are very low due to medical or surgical treatment (castration), but has not yet spread to other parts of the body. It works by blocking androgen receptors, which prevents male hormones like testosterone from helping the cancer grow. This helps slow down disease progression and delays the spread of cancer. Apalutamide is available only with a doctor's prescription and is often used alongside other hormone-suppressing therapies.

Apremilast

Apremilast is prescribed for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. It helps reduce joint pain, swelling, and skin symptoms by targeting an enzyme called PDE4, which plays a key role in the inflammation process. By blocking this enzyme, Apremilast helps lower inflammation in the body, easing symptoms and improving function and skin appearance. It is especially useful for patients who cannot tolerate or have not responded well to other treatments. This medicine is available only by prescription and is part of long-term management for these chronic conditions.

Aprepitant

Aprepitant is prescribed to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, especially those that are highly or moderately likely to cause these side effects. It works by blocking neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors in the brain, which are involved in triggering the vomiting reflex during cancer treatment. Aprepitant is not used to treat nausea once it starts, but rather to prevent it when taken before and after chemotherapy as part of a combination with other anti-nausea drugs. It is available only by prescription and is an important part of supportive care for cancer patients.

Aprocitentan

Aprocitentan is prescribed for the treatment of resistant hypertension in adults—when blood pressure remains high despite using at least three different types of antihypertensive medications. It works by blocking endothelin receptors, which helps relax and widen blood vessels, making it easier for blood to flow and thus lowering blood pressure. Aprocitentan is often used in combination with other blood pressure medicines to achieve better control and reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events like stroke or heart attack. It is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

ARIPIPRAZOLE

Aripiprazole is prescribed to treat several mental and mood disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, and irritability associated with autism. It works by balancing certain natural chemicals in the brain—mainly dopamine and serotonin—to help improve mood, behavior, and thinking. In schizophrenia, it helps reduce symptoms like hallucinations or delusions; in bipolar disorder, it helps stabilize mood swings; and in autism or Tourette's, it can reduce aggression, mood swings, or tics. Aripiprazole is available only with a doctor’s prescription and is often part of a long-term treatment plan.

ARSENIC TRIOXIED

Arsenic trioxide is a chemotherapy medication used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of blood cancer characterized by the accumulation of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is particularly effective in patients whose leukemia cells contain a specific genetic abnormality known as the t(15;17) translocation, which leads to the formation of the PML/RARα fusion protein.

Asciminib

Asciminib is used to treat a specific type of blood cancer called Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML) in its chronic phase. It is especially for patients who have already tried two or more other similar medicines called tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) but still need treatment. Asciminib can also be used for patients with a particular genetic change called the T315I mutation, which makes the cancer harder to treat. This medicine helps by targeting the cancer cells more precisely to control the disease. It is only available with a doctor’s prescription because it needs careful monitoring.

Atazanavir + Ritonavir

Atazanavir + Ritonavir tablets are a combination of antiretroviral medicines used to treat HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. This combination helps control the virus by stopping it from multiplying, which supports the immune system in fighting the infection and managing AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Ritonavir boosts the effect of Atazanavir, making the treatment more effective. This medicine is available only with a doctor’s prescription because it requires careful use and monitoring.

Atezolizumab

Atezolizumab is a medicine used to treat several types of cancer, including skin cancer (melanoma), liver cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), triple-negative breast cancer, and bladder cancer. It works by helping the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. Because of its powerful effects, Atezolizumab is only available with a doctor’s prescription and must be given under medical supervision.

Atorvastatin calcium

Atorvastatin calcium is a medicine used to help lower levels of "bad" cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides in the blood while increasing "good" cholesterol (HDL). It is commonly prescribed to reduce the risk of heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes, especially in people with high cholesterol, diabetes, or other risk factors. It works by blocking an enzyme the liver uses to make cholesterol, which helps bring cholesterol levels under control. This medication is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

Avapritinib

Avapritinib is used to treat certain types of tumors in the digestive tract, mainly a rare cancer called gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) that has a specific genetic mutation known as PDGFRA exon 18, including the D842V mutation. It is also approved for treating advanced systemic mastocytosis, a rare condition involving the buildup of abnormal mast cells in the body. Avapritinib works by blocking abnormal proteins that help cancer cells grow, which helps slow down or stop tumor growth. It is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

Avatrombopag

Avatrombopag is used to treat thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) in adults with chronic liver disease who are scheduled to undergo a planned medical or surgical procedure. It helps raise platelet levels to reduce the risk of bleeding during or after the procedure, but it is not meant to restore normal platelet counts permanently. It is also used for patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who have had an insufficient response to other treatments. Avatrombopag is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

Axitinib

Axitinib is a prescription medicine used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a type of kidney cancer that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. It works by blocking certain proteins in the body—like VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)—that help tumors form new blood vessels and grow. By stopping these signals, Axitinib helps slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells.

Azacitidine

Azacitidine, also known by its generic name Vidaza, is a prescription chemotherapy medicine used to treat certain blood cancers, mainly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). It works by affecting the way cells grow and divide, helping to slow down or stop the growth of abnormal blood cells in the bone marrow. This allows the body to produce healthier blood cells, which can help reduce symptoms like fatigue, infections, or bleeding caused by low blood counts.

AZATHIOPRINE

Azathioprine is a prescription medicine used to help prevent organ rejection in people who have received a kidney transplant and to treat autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. It works by weakening the immune system slightly, so it doesn’t attack the transplanted organ or the body’s own tissues. This helps reduce inflammation and prevent further damage in autoimmune diseases.

Azithromycin

Azithromycin is a prescription antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including chest infections like pneumonia, throat and ear infections, skin infections, and certain sexually transmitted diseases. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria, helping your body to fight off the infection more effectively. Azithromycin does not work against viral infections like the flu or common cold.

Bacillus calmette guerin

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a prescription medicine used to treat non-invasive bladder cancer, especially a type called urothelial cell carcinoma or carcinoma in situ (flat tumors). It works by stimulating the immune system directly inside the bladder to attack and destroy cancer cells, helping to prevent the cancer from growing or returning. BCG is not a chemotherapy drug, but rather an immunotherapy, making it different from traditional cancer treatments.

Baricitinib

Baricitinib is a prescription medicine used to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis in adults who have not responded well to other treatments. It helps reduce pain, stiffness, and swelling by targeting specific enzymes (called Janus kinases or JAKs) involved in the body’s immune response. By doing so, Baricitinib also helps slow down joint and bone damage, improving mobility and quality of life over time.

Belimumab

Belimumab is a prescription medicine used alongside other treatments to help manage active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. It is approved for use in adults and children aged 5 years and older. Belimumab works by targeting a specific protein called BLyS (B-lymphocyte stimulator), which plays a role in the overactive immune response in lupus. By blocking BLyS, Belimumab helps reduce the activity of harmful B cells, easing symptoms like inflammation, joint pain, and fatigue.

Belumosudil

Belimumab is a prescription medicine used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis, which are autoimmune diseases where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. It is used in adults and children aged 5 years and older who are already receiving other lupus medications. Belimumab works by blocking a protein called BLyS (B-lymphocyte stimulator), which helps reduce the number of abnormal B cells that contribute to inflammation and tissue damage in lupus.

Belzutifan

Belzutifan is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who have certain tumors that do not require immediate surgery. It is especially effective for treating associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC), central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). Belzutifan works by blocking a protein (HIF-2α) that promotes abnormal blood vessel and tumor growth, helping to slow or stop the progression of these tumors.

Bendamustine hydrochloride

Bendamustine hydrochloride is a chemotherapy medication used to treat certain types of cancer. It is primarily indicated for: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): A cancer of the blood and bone marrow affecting white blood cells. Indolent B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): A slow-growing form of lymphoma that has progressed during or within six months of treatment with rituximab or a rituximab-containing regimen. Bendamustine belongs to a class of chemotherapy drugs known as alkylating agents. It works by interfering with the DNA in cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. This action helps to slow down or stop the spread of cancer.

Benralizumab

Benralizumab is prescribed for people with severe eosinophilic asthma, a type of asthma linked to high levels of eosinophils (a kind of white blood cell). It is used when regular asthma medications are not enough to keep symptoms like wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath under control. By reducing eosinophil levels, Benralizumab helps improve breathing and prevent asthma flare-ups. It is not a rescue medicine for sudden asthma attacks but is meant for long-term management.

Bevacizumab

Bevacizumab is a prescription medicine used to treat several types of cancer by slowing the growth of blood vessels that feed tumors. It is commonly given with other cancer drugs for conditions like colorectal cancer, non–small cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and breast cancer. For example, in colorectal cancer, it's often used as a first- or second-line treatment along with chemotherapy. By cutting off the tumor’s blood supply, Bevacizumab helps to slow or stop its growth and spread.

Bexarotene

Bexarotene is a prescription medicine used to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a rare form of cancer that affects the skin. It is typically prescribed when other treatments haven’t worked. CTCL causes skin lesions, rashes, or patches, and Bexarotene helps by slowing the growth of the abnormal T-cells responsible for these symptoms. It works by activating certain receptors in cells that control cell growth and death, helping to reduce the appearance and spread of skin lesions.

BICALUTAMIDE

Bicalutamide is a prescription medicine used to treat metastatic prostate cancer, which means the cancer has started in the prostate gland and spread to other parts of the body. It works by blocking the action of male hormones (androgens) like testosterone, which fuel the growth of prostate cancer cells. Bicalutamide is usually given in combination with other hormone therapies to slow down or stop cancer progression and relieve symptoms.

Binimetinib

Binimetinib is a prescription medicine used to treat unresectable or metastatic melanoma (a type of skin cancer) that has a specific genetic change called a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation. It may also be used for certain types of lung cancers with similar mutations. Binimetinib works by blocking MEK enzymes, which are part of a pathway that helps cancer cells grow and divide. By targeting this pathway, it helps slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.

Bictegravir Emtricitabine Tenofovir Alafenamide

Bictegravir Emtricitabine Tenofovir Alafenamide combination medicine is used to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children weighing 25 kg or more. It is prescribed either for people who have never taken HIV treatment before or for those who are already on a stable HIV regimen with undetectable viral load (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) and want to switch to a simpler single-tablet option. It helps to control the virus, improve immune function, and reduce the risk of HIV-related complications, but it is not a cure for HIV.

BLEOMYCIN

Bleomycin is a prescription medicine used to treat various types of cancer by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It is commonly used for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, and squamous cell carcinomas of the head, neck, cervix, and skin. It also helps manage malignant pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs caused by tumors) when given through a chest tube. Bleomycin is often part of combination chemotherapy and used as palliative care to ease symptoms in advanced cancer cases.

Bortezomib

Bortezomib is a prescription medicine used to treat multiple myeloma (a cancer of the bone marrow) and mantle cell lymphoma (a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma). It works by blocking a specific protein complex in cells called the proteasome, which helps break down and remove damaged proteins. By stopping this process, Bortezomib causes cancer cells to build up toxic proteins, leading to their death and slowing the growth of the cancer.

Bosutinib Monohydrate

Bosutinib monohydrate is a prescription medicine used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a type of blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow and affects white blood cells. It is specifically used for patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) CML, either in the chronic, accelerated, or blast phase, especially if they cannot tolerate or have not responded well to other treatments. Bosutinib works by blocking abnormal proteins (tyrosine kinases) that cause cancer cells to grow uncontrollably.

Brigatinib

Brigatinib is a prescription medicine used to treat ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which means the cancer has spread beyond the lungs and has a specific genetic mutation involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. This mutation causes cancer cells to grow abnormally, and Brigatinib works by blocking the ALK protein to slow or stop this growth. It is especially used in patients whose cancer has progressed on or is intolerant to prior ALK-targeted therapy.

Budesonide

Budesonide is a prescription medicine used to help control and prevent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. It works by reducing inflammation and swelling in the airways, making it easier to breathe. Budesonide is a type of corticosteroid that helps keep asthma symptoms under control when taken regularly, but it is not meant to relieve sudden asthma attacks.

Cabazitaxel

Cabazitaxel is a prescription medicine used to treat advanced prostate cancer, specifically metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) that has continued to grow even after hormone therapy and previous chemotherapy with docetaxel. It works by interfering with the way cancer cells divide, which helps slow down or stop their growth and spread. Cabazitaxel is typically used in combination with other medicines like prednisone to improve its effectiveness.

Cabergoline

Cabergoline is a prescription medicine used to treat hyperprolactinemia, a condition where the body produces too much prolactin—a hormone involved in milk production and reproductive function. High prolactin levels can cause symptoms like irregular periods, infertility, or unwanted breast milk production. Cabergoline works by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps lower prolactin levels and restore hormonal balance.

Cabozantinib

Cabozantinib is a prescription medicine used to treat several types of cancer, including kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma), liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), medullary thyroid cancer, and sometimes advanced prostate cancer. It belongs to a group of medicines called tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which work by blocking the signals that cancer cells use to grow and spread. By interfering with these pathways, Cabozantinib helps slow down tumor growth and may shrink the cancer over time.

Calcium acetate + heavy magnesium carbonate

Calcium acetate + heavy magnesium carbonate medicine is used to treat hyperphosphatemia—a condition where phosphate levels in the blood are too high—in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are on dialysis. In kidney failure, the body can’t remove phosphate effectively, so this combination helps by binding phosphate from food in the gut, preventing it from being absorbed into the blood. The bound phosphate is then passed out in the stool, helping to maintain safer phosphate levels and protect bones and blood vessels from damage.

Candesartan Cilexetil

Candesartan Cilexetil is a prescription medicine used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults and children aged 1 to under 17 years. By relaxing blood vessels, it helps the heart pump more easily and lowers blood pressure, which reduces the risk of serious problems like stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage. It’s also used to treat heart failure in adults, helping improve symptoms and reduce hospitalizations.

Capecitabine

Capecitabine is a prescription medicine used to treat several types of cancer, including colon cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach (gastric) cancer, and esophageal cancer. It is also used, sometimes in combination with other drugs like docetaxel, to treat breast cancer. Capecitabine works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells, helping to slow or stop their spread in the body.

CAPIVASERTIB

Capivasertib is a prescription medicine used to treat advanced or metastatic ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer in postmenopausal women and adult men whose cancer has an ESR1 gene mutation. It is intended for patients whose disease has progressed despite receiving at least one prior hormone (endocrine) therapy. Capivasertib works by targeting a pathway (called AKT) that cancer cells rely on to grow, helping to slow or stop tumor progression.

Capmatinib

Capmatinib is a prescription medicine used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients whose tumors have a specific genetic change called a MET exon 14 skipping mutation. This mutation causes cancer cells to grow and spread more easily. Capmatinib targets and blocks the activity of the abnormal MET protein, helping to slow or stop the growth of the cancer. It is typically used in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC, especially when no other targeted therapies have worked.

Carboplatin

Carboplatin is a prescription chemotherapy medicine used to treat several types of cancer, including ovarian cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancers, and certain brain tumors. It belongs to a class of drugs called platinum-based compounds, which work by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, stopping them from dividing and causing them to die. It’s often used alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs, especially when a patient cannot tolerate cisplatin, a similar but more toxic drug.

Carfilzomib

Carfilzomib is a prescription medicine used to treat multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is typically used in patients who have relapsed or become resistant to prior treatments. Carfilzomib works by blocking a protein complex called the proteasome, which cancer cells rely on to break down and remove damaged proteins. By disrupting this process, Carfilzomib causes cancer cells to build up toxic proteins and die.

Carmustine

Carmustine is a prescription chemotherapy medicine used to treat several types of cancer, including brain tumors, Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. It belongs to a group of drugs called alkylating agents, which work by damaging the DNA in cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and causing them to die. Carmustine is particularly effective in treating brain cancers because it can cross the blood-brain barrier, a feature many chemotherapy drugs lack.

Cefdinir

Cefdinir is a prescription antibiotic used to treat a range of bacterial infections, including bronchitis, pneumonia, sinus infections, ear infections (otitis media), strep throat, tonsillitis, and certain skin infections. It belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics and works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which stops the bacteria from growing and eventually kills them.

Cefditoren pivoxil

Cefditoren pivoxil is a prescription antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections like bronchitis and tonsillitis, as well as certain skin infections. It works by preventing bacteria from building their cell walls, which stops their growth and helps the body fight off the infection effectively.

Cefixime

Cefixime is a prescription antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections including acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, ear infections like otitis media, urinary tract infections, and certain respiratory infections. It works by stopping bacteria from growing, which helps your body fight the infection and feel better.

Cefotaxime sodium

Cefotaxime sodium is a prescription antibiotic used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections (sepsis), and infections of the skin, bones, or joints. It is also used before certain surgeries to help prevent infections. Cefotaxime belongs to the third-generation cephalosporin class, which means it is effective against many types of bacteria, including those resistant to earlier antibiotics.

Cefprozil monohydrate

Cefprozil monohydrate is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic prescribed by doctors to treat various bacterial infections. It is effective against infections caused by susceptible bacteria and works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It's important to note that cefprozil is effective only against bacterial infections and will not work for viral infections like the common cold or flu. Using antibiotics when they are not needed can contribute to antibiotic resistance. Always take cefprozil exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider.

Celecoxib

Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme responsible for producing prostaglandins—chemicals in the body that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. By blocking COX-2, celecoxib reduces these symptoms, providing relief for various conditions. It's important to note that celecoxib is available only with a doctor's prescription and should be taken as directed.

Cephalexin

Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic prescribed to treat various bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death. It's important to note that cephalexin is effective only against bacterial infections and will not work for viral infections like the common cold or flu. Using antibiotics when they are not needed increases the risk of developing antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Ceritinib

Ceritinib Zykadia is a targeted therapy medication used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements. It is specifically indicated for patients whose cancer has either progressed during or is intolerant to treatment with crizotinib, another ALK inhibitor. Ceritinib works by inhibiting the ALK protein, which is involved in the growth of cancer cells. In clinical studies, ceritinib has shown effectiveness in reducing tumor size and improving progression-free survival in patients with ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC.

Cetuximab

Cetuximab, Erbitux is a monoclonal antibody used to treat certain cancers, including metastatic colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer. It works by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed in many tumors. By binding to EGFR, cetuximab prevents the binding of natural ligands like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), inhibiting receptor activation and downstream signaling pathways that promote tumor cell proliferation and survival. This leads to reduced cell growth, increased apoptosis (programmed cell death), decreased angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), and inhibition of metastasis (spread of cancer).

Chlorambucil

Chlorambucil is mainly used to treat certain blood cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hodgkin’s disease, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. As an alkylating agent, it damages the DNA inside cancer cells, which prevents them from multiplying. This medicine is only available with a doctor’s prescription and is usually part of a planned cancer treatment program.

Cholestyramine Resin

Cholestyramine Resin is mainly used to treat itching caused by liver problems, especially a condition called cholestatic pruritus, where bile acids build up in the body. It is also used to lower high cholesterol levels. This medicine works by binding bile acids in the intestine, helping to remove them from the body and reducing symptoms. It is commonly recommended by liver health experts in Europe, America, and Asia, and is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat many types of bacterial infections. It is effective against conditions such as pneumonia, gonorrhea, typhoid fever, infectious diarrhea, and infections of the skin, bones, and joints. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria, helping your body fight the infection. This medication is only available with a doctor’s prescription and is usually part of a targeted treatment plan based on the infection type.

Cisplatin

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medicine mainly used to treat advanced stages of certain cancers, including testicular, ovarian, and bladder cancer. It works by damaging the DNA in cancer cells, which stops them from growing and dividing. Because of its strong effects, Cisplatin is usually used when other treatments haven’t worked well or in combination with other cancer drugs. It is only given under a doctor’s supervision in a clinical setting.

Clarithromycin

Clarithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including chest infections like bronchitis and pneumonia, skin infections, throat infections, and ear infections. It works by stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying, helping your body to clear the infection more effectively. This medication is only available with a doctor’s prescription and is often chosen when other antibiotics may not be suitable or effective.

Clascoterone

Clascoterone is a prescription medication used to treat acne, especially in cases where hormones play a role. It works by blocking the effects of androgens (male hormones) in the skin, which helps reduce oil production and inflammation—two major causes of acne. This makes it effective for treating both blackheads and pimples on the face.

Clobazam

Clobazam is a prescription medicine mainly used to help manage seizures, especially in conditions like epilepsy. It belongs to a group of medicines called benzodiazepines and works by calming the brain and nervous system. It does this by enhancing the effect of GABA, a natural chemical that helps reduce abnormal brain activity, which helps prevent or control seizures.

Clofarabine

Clofarabine is a prescription chemotherapy drug used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells. It is usually given to children or young adults when other treatments have not worked. Clofarabine works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, stopping their growth and helping to destroy them.

Cobimetinib

Cobimetinib is a prescription medicine used to treat a specific type of skin cancer called melanoma, especially when it has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. It is usually used in combination with another cancer drug (like vemurafenib) for patients with a certain genetic mutation (BRAF V600). Cobimetinib works by blocking a protein involved in cancer cell growth, helping to slow down or stop the spread of the cancer.

Conjugated Estrogen

Conjugated Estrogen is a prescription hormone therapy used to treat several conditions caused by low estrogen levels. It is commonly used to relieve menopausal symptoms like hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and to help prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. It’s also used as part of palliative treatment in certain types of prostate and breast cancers. In some cases, it may be used for hormone-related issues or included in combination birth control pills.

Cranberry

Cranberry is commonly used as a natural supplement to help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and may also support kidney health by reducing the risk of kidney stone formation. It works by stopping bacteria, especially E. coli, from sticking to the walls of the bladder and urinary tract, which helps lower the chances of infection. At higher doses, cranberry may act like a mild urinary antiseptic. It is often recommended to reduce the frequency of recurrent UTIs and minimize the need for repeated antibiotic use.

Crizotinib

Crizotinib is a targeted cancer medicine prescribed for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that tests positive for ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) or ROS1 gene changes. These genetic mutations cause abnormal cell growth, and Crizotinib works by blocking the activity of these faulty proteins, helping to slow or stop the spread of cancer. It is specifically used when standard treatments are less effective due to these genetic factors.

Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide is a prescription chemotherapy drug used to treat a wide range of cancers, including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), multiple myeloma, and several types of leukemia such as CLL, CML, AML, and ALL. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, slowing or stopping their growth and preventing them from multiplying. Because it targets rapidly dividing cells, it’s effective against many aggressive cancers.

Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine is a prescription medicine mainly used to prevent organ rejection in people who have received a kidney, liver, or heart transplant. It works by weakening the immune system so it doesn’t attack the new organ. Besides transplants, Cyclosporine is also used to treat severe autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and plaque psoriasis, especially when other treatments haven’t worked. It helps reduce inflammation and prevent further damage by controlling overactive immune responses.

Cyproterone Acetate

Cyproterone acetate is a medication with multiple uses, primarily targeting conditions influenced by excess male hormones (androgens). In women, it's commonly prescribed to treat symptoms like severe acne, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), and scalp hair loss (androgenic alopecia), especially when these issues are linked to hormonal imbalances such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The medication works by blocking androgen receptors and reducing androgen production, thereby alleviating these symptoms.

Cytarabine

Cytarabine is a chemotherapy medication primarily used to treat various types of leukemia and certain cancers affecting the central nervous system. Cytarabine works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells, slowing or stopping their growth. It is administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional, either intravenously, subcutaneously, or intrathecally (into the spinal fluid), depending on the specific condition being treated.

Dabrafenib

Dabrafenib is a targeted cancer therapy used to treat various cancers harboring a specific genetic mutation known as BRAF V600E or V600K. It is commonly prescribed in combination with another medication called trametinib. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice and information regarding dabrafenib and its uses.

Dacarbazine

Dacarbazine is a chemotherapy medication used to treat certain cancers, including metastatic malignant melanoma (a type of skin cancer) and Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is often administered intravenously in a medical setting under the supervision of a healthcare professional. The exact mechanism by which dacarbazine works is not fully understood.

Daclatasvir

Daclatasvir is an antiviral medication used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults. It is primarily prescribed in combination with sofosbuvir, and sometimes with ribavirin, to enhance treatment efficacy. Daclatasvir is effective against HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, making it a versatile option for various HCV strains. The combination therapy has shown high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, indicating successful treatment outcomes. It is particularly beneficial for patients with compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, or those who have undergone liver transplantation. However, in patients with HCV genotype 3 and cirrhosis, SVR rates may be lower, and treatment duration may need to be extended.

Dacomitinib

Dacomitinib is an oral medication used to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults whose tumors have specific mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, namely exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R substitutions. These mutations lead to uncontrolled cell growth and are present in approximately 10–35% of NSCLC cases globally.

Dactinomycin

Dactinomycin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various cancers, including Wilms' tumor (a type of kidney cancer in children), rhabdomyosarcoma (a cancer that forms in muscles), Ewing's sarcoma (a cancer in bones or muscles), testicular cancer, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (a condition involving abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus). It works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. Dactinomycin is administered intravenously by a healthcare professional and is often used in combination with other treatments like surgery or radiation therapy. It is important to note that dactinomycin is a prescription-only medication and should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider.

Danazol

Danazol is a prescription medication used to treat various conditions in both women and men. In women, it is primarily used to manage endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease. In men and women, it is also used to prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema, a condition that causes episodes of swelling in different parts of the body.

Dapagliflozin

Dapagliflozin is a prescription medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. In type 2 diabetes, it is used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control. It can be used alone when metformin is inappropriate or in combination with other diabetes medications. In heart failure, dapagliflozin helps reduce hospitalization risks, and in chronic kidney disease, it slows the progression of kidney damage. However, dapagliflozin is not approved for treating type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. Using it in these conditions can increase the risk of serious complications like diabetic ketoacidosis, even if blood glucose levels are normal.

Daprodustat

Daprodustat is used to treat anemia (a condition where there are not enough red blood cells) in adults who have chronic kidney disease and have been on dialysis for at least four months. It helps by increasing the natural hormone erythropoietin, which tells the bone marrow to make more red blood cells, improving oxygen levels in the body. This medicine is only available with a doctor’s prescription.

Daratumumab

Daratumumab is used to treat multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is a monoclonal antibody, which means it targets and attaches to specific proteins on cancer cells to help the immune system destroy them. This medicine is prescribed by a doctor and may be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatments, depending on the stage and response of the disease.

Darbepoetin Alfa

Darbepoetin alfa is used to treat anemia, which is a low red blood cell count, in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It helps both patients who are on dialysis and those who are not yet receiving dialysis by stimulating the body to produce more red blood cells. This improves oxygen delivery in the body, reducing symptoms like fatigue. Darbepoetin alfa is a prescription medicine that must be given under a doctor’s guidance.

Darolutamide

Darolutamide is used to treat prostate cancer, specifically non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). It helps slow the growth and spread of prostate cancer cells by blocking the action of male hormones that can fuel cancer growth. Darolutamide is a prescription medicine that should be taken under a doctor’s supervision.

Darunavir + Cobicistat

Darunavir combined with cobicistat is used to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children weighing over 40 kg (about 88 pounds). This medicine is taken along with other HIV medicines to help lower the amount of HIV virus in the body and strengthen the immune system. Darunavir is a protease inhibitor that stops the virus from multiplying, while cobicistat boosts darunavir’s effectiveness by helping it stay longer in the body. Although this treatment controls the virus and helps prevent HIV-related illnesses, it does not cure HIV

Dasatinib

Dasatinib is used to treat certain types of blood cancer, mainly Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML). It is given to adults who are newly diagnosed in the chronic phase, or to those in more advanced stages (chronic, accelerated, or blast phase) who didn’t respond well or couldn’t tolerate previous treatments like imatinib. Dasatinib works by blocking specific proteins that help cancer cells grow, helping to control the disease and reduce symptoms.

Daunorubicin Hydrochloride

Daunorubicin Hydrochloride is a chemotherapy medicine used to treat certain types of cancer, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and sometimes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). It may also be used for Kaposi’s sarcoma, a type of cancer that affects the skin and blood vessels. This medicine works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It is a prescription-only drug and should be used under the guidance of a cancer specialist.

Decitabine

Decitabine is used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a group of bone marrow disorders where the body doesn't make enough healthy blood cells. It is also used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a type of fast-growing blood cancer. Decitabine works by helping the bone marrow produce normal blood cells and by slowing the growth of abnormal cells. This medicine is given only by prescription and should be used under close medical supervision.

Deferasirox

Deferasirox is used to treat chronic iron overload in patients with conditions like β-thalassemia who receive frequent blood transfusions. These transfusions can cause too much iron to build up in the body, which can harm organs over time. Deferasirox helps by binding to the excess iron and allowing it to be removed through the body’s waste. It is usually prescribed for patients over 6 years old and is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

Deferiprone

Deferiprone is used to treat iron overload in people with blood disorders like thalassemia or sickle cell anemia who receive frequent blood transfusions. These transfusions can cause iron to build up in the body, which may harm organs such as the heart and liver. Deferiprone helps by binding to the extra iron and removing it through urine. It is usually prescribed when other iron-removal treatments haven’t worked well or caused side effects. This medicine is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

Degarelix Acetate

Degarelix Acetate is used to treat advanced prostate cancer by lowering the level of testosterone in the body. Testosterone can help prostate cancer cells grow, so by reducing this hormone, Degarelix slows down the cancer’s growth and progression. This medicine is given by injection and is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

Denosumab

Denosumab is used to treat and prevent bone problems in people with cancers like multiple myeloma or cancers that have spread to the bones (metastatic bone disease). It helps reduce bone pain, fractures, and other complications. Denosumab is also used to treat high calcium levels in the blood caused by cancer (hypercalcemia). Additionally, it treats giant cell tumor of the bone in adults and adolescents who have finished growing when surgery isn’t possible. This medicine requires a doctor’s prescription and should be used under medical supervision.

Deucravacitinib

Deucravacitinib is used to treat moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults who need stronger treatments like systemic therapy or phototherapy. It works by blocking an enzyme called TYK2, which plays a key role in the inflammation and immune responses that cause psoriasis symptoms. By stopping TYK2 from activating certain pathways, Deucravacitinib helps reduce the skin inflammation and plaques seen in psoriasis. This medicine should not be used together with other strong immune-suppressing drugs and is available only by prescription.

Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate

Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate is used to treat inflammation-related conditions of the eye and ear, such as swelling, redness, and itching caused by injury, surgery, or other inflammatory disorders. It belongs to a group of medicines called corticosteroids, which help reduce the body’s immune response to relieve discomfort. This medication may also be used for certain ear conditions involving inflammation. It is available only by prescription and should be used exactly as directed by a healthcare provider.

Dexlansoprazole

Dexlansoprazole is used to treat conditions related to excess stomach acid, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and erosive esophagitis. It helps relieve symptoms like heartburn, trouble swallowing, and chronic cough by reducing the amount of acid the stomach produces. It also supports the healing of damage in the esophagus and stomach lining, such as ulcers, and may help lower the risk of complications like esophageal cancer. This medication is available only with a doctor’s prescription

Diazoxide

Diazoxide is used to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) caused by conditions where the body produces too much insulin, such as inoperable insulin-secreting tumors (like islet cell adenomas or carcinomas) or certain cancers outside the pancreas (extrapancreatic malignancies). It helps prevent dangerously low blood sugar levels by reducing insulin release from the pancreas. Diazoxide is prescribed for both adults and infants, depending on the cause of the hypoglycemia.

Diclofenac Sodium

Diclofenac Sodium is used to relieve pain, swelling, and stiffness caused by conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory joint disorders. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), it works by blocking the production of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation and pain. This helps improve movement and comfort in daily activities. It is commonly available as an enteric-coated tablet to protect the stomach and is prescribed by a doctor.

Diflunisal

Diflunisal is used to relieve mild to moderate pain and inflammation caused by conditions like arthritis, including joint stiffness and swelling. It belongs to a group of medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which work by blocking the substances in the body that cause pain and inflammation. By reducing these symptoms, Diflunisal helps improve mobility and daily comfort. This medication is available only by prescription.

Disulfiram

Disulfiram is used to help people who are struggling with alcohol dependence to stop drinking. It works by interfering with how the body breaks down alcohol, causing unpleasant effects like nausea, headache, and flushing if alcohol is consumed. This reaction helps discourage drinking by making alcohol intake uncomfortable. Disulfiram is a prescription medicine and should be used under medical supervision as part of a broader treatment program.

Docetaxel

Docetaxel is used to treat various types of cancer, including prostate, breast, stomach, lung, and head or neck cancers. It works by interfering with the growth and division of cancer cells, slowing down or stopping their spread. By targeting rapidly dividing cells, Docetaxel helps shrink tumors and control cancer progression. This medicine is given under strict medical supervision as part of a doctor-prescribed treatment plan.

Donepezil

Donepezil is used to treat mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease. It works by increasing the levels of a brain chemical called acetylcholine, which helps nerve cells communicate and improves memory and thinking. By slowing the breakdown of this chemical, Donepezil may help manage symptoms like confusion, memory loss, and difficulty performing daily tasks. However, it does not cure Alzheimer’s—its goal is to improve or stabilize symptoms for as long as possible.

Dotinurad

Dotinurad is mainly used to treat gout and hyperuricemia (high uric acid levels in the blood). It works by helping your body get rid of extra uric acid through urine. It does this by blocking a specific protein called URAT1, which normally helps the body reabsorb uric acid. By blocking this, Dotinurad allows more uric acid to be flushed out, lowering its level in the blood. It is a prescription medicine and should be used only under a doctor’s guidance.

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride is a powerful chemotherapy medicine used to treat various cancers, such as ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells in the body. Since it affects both cancer and healthy cells, it's given with care under a doctor’s supervision. This medicine is available only by prescription and is used as part of a planned cancer treatment program.

Doxycycline Hyclate

Doxycycline Hyclate is a prescription antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, acne, and certain sexually transmitted infections. It’s also used to prevent malaria in people traveling to areas where the disease is common. This medicine works by stopping bacteria from growing and spreading in the body, helping your immune system fight off the infection more effectively.

Drospirenone + Estradiol

Drospirenone + Estradiol is a prescription medicine used as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women. It helps relieve symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and sleep disturbances, which are caused by low estrogen levels. This combination also helps prevent bone loss (osteoporosis) and supports bladder and vaginal health. It works by replacing the hormones that the body no longer makes after menopause.

Dutasteride

Dutasteride is a prescription medicine used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is the medical term for an enlarged prostate in men. It works by lowering the levels of a hormone (DHT) that causes the prostate to grow, helping to shrink the prostate over time. This can improve urine flow, make it easier to empty the bladder, and reduce the need for prostate surgery in the future.

Elacestrant

Elacestrant is a prescription medicine used to treat advanced or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women and adult men that is estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and HER2-negative, especially when there is an ESR1 gene mutation. It is given to patients whose cancer has progressed after at least one previous hormone (endocrine) therapy. Elacestrant works by blocking estrogen’s effects on cancer cells, slowing their growth and spread.

Elafibranor

Elafibranor is primarily being developed and studied for the treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), which are chronic liver diseases. It works by targeting specific receptors in the body (PPAR-α and PPAR-δ) to help reduce liver inflammation, improve liver function, and regulate fat and sugar metabolism. In PBC, it is considered when patients do not respond well to first-line treatment like ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).

Eltrombopag

Eltrombopag is a prescription medicine used to increase platelet counts in people with certain blood disorders. It is commonly prescribed for chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) when other treatments haven’t worked, as well as for people with chronic hepatitis C who have low platelets, allowing them to continue antiviral therapy. It is also used in patients with severe aplastic anemia to help the bone marrow make more blood cells. Eltrombopag works by stimulating the bone marrow to produce more platelets.

Elvitegravir + Cobicistat + Emtricitabine + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

This combination medicine, often known as Stribild, is used to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children aged 12 years and older who weigh at least 35 kg. It’s designed for people who are newly diagnosed or have low levels of the virus and have not yet been treated with other HIV medicines. Stribild helps control the virus by preventing it from multiplying, which helps protect the immune system and reduces the risk of HIV-related illnesses. It is not suitable for patients who have previously failed HIV treatments.

Empagliflozin

Empagliflozin is a prescription medicine used to lower high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. By helping the body remove excess sugar through urine, it reduces risks of serious complications like kidney damage, vision problems, nerve pain, and limb loss. Besides controlling blood sugar, empagliflozin also helps manage heart failure by improving heart function and reducing hospitalization. This makes it a valuable treatment for people with both diabetes and heart conditions.

Enasidenib

Enasidenib is used to treat adults with a type of blood cancer called acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that has a specific genetic change known as an IDH2 mutation. It is given to patients whose cancer has returned (relapsed) or did not respond to earlier treatments (refractory). This medicine helps the bone marrow make healthier blood cells and may lower the need for blood transfusions. It is only prescribed by a doctor after confirming the presence of the IDH2 mutation through testing.

Encorafenib

Encorafenib is a prescription medicine used to treat certain types of cancer that have a specific genetic mutation called BRAF V600. It is mainly used for advanced or spread (metastatic) melanoma and colorectal cancer (CRC), and sometimes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but only if these cancers have the BRAF V600 mutation. It’s often given with other medicines like cetuximab for CRC. Encorafenib is not used in patients whose cancer does not have this mutation (wild-type BRAF), as it would not be effective.

Entecavir

Entecavir is a prescription medicine used to treat long-term (chronic) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults and children over 2 years old. It works by lowering the amount of HBV in the body, helping to reduce liver damage and improve liver function over time. Entecavir does not cure hepatitis B but helps control the infection and prevent serious liver problems like cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Entrectinib

Entrectinib is a prescription medicine used to treat certain types of advanced cancers. It is approved for adults with ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and for adults and children (12 years and older) with solid tumors that have an NTRK gene fusion. These tumors must be advanced, have spread (metastatic), or be hard to remove with surgery, especially if other treatments have failed or aren’t available. Entrectinib targets specific genetic changes in cancer cells to help stop their growth.

Enzalutamide

Enzalutamide is a prescription medicine used to treat prostate cancer that has spread (metastasized) and no longer responds to treatments that lower testosterone, such as hormone therapy or surgery. It works by blocking the effects of male hormones (androgens) like testosterone, which helps slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells. This medicine is usually used in advanced stages of prostate cancer, often in combination with other therapies.

Epirubicin Hydrochloride

Epirubicin Hydrochloride is a prescription medicine mainly used to treat breast cancer, often after surgery to reduce the risk of the cancer returning. It belongs to a group of chemotherapy drugs called anthracyclines, which work by interfering with the DNA inside cancer cells, stopping them from growing and dividing. It may be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatments, depending on the stage and type of breast cancer.

Erdafitinib

Erdafitinib is a prescription medicine used to treat a specific type of advanced bladder cancer, known as urothelial carcinoma, in patients whose cancer cells have abnormal FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) genes. It is given to patients who have either tried other treatments that didn’t work or whose cancer has spread. As a kinase inhibitor, Erdafitinib blocks signals that help cancer cells grow, helping to slow or stop the progression of the disease.

Eribulin Mesylate

Eribulin Mesylate is a prescription medicine used to treat advanced or metastatic breast cancer—that is, cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. It is specifically given to patients who have already received other cancer treatments but whose cancer continues to grow or return. Eribulin works by stopping cancer cells from dividing and spreading, helping to slow down the progression of the disease.

Erlotinib

Erlotinib is a prescription medicine used to treat certain types of cancer, mainly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has spread and contains specific changes in the EGFR gene (like exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R mutations). It can be used as a first treatment, as maintenance therapy, or after other treatments have failed. Erlotinib is also used in combination with gemcitabine for treating advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. It works by blocking signals that help cancer cells grow.

Erythropoietin Alfa

Erythropoietin Alfa is a prescription medicine used to treat anemia (low red blood cell count) in people with chronic kidney disease, cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (non-blood cancers), and HIV-infected patients taking Zidovudine. It can also be given before major surgeries to reduce the need for blood transfusions. This medicine works by stimulating the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells, similar to the natural hormone erythropoietin made by the kidneys.

Estradiol + Noretindron Acetate

Estradiol + Norethindrone Acetate is a prescription medicine used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women, mainly to relieve symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and mood swings. It combines estrogen (estradiol) and a progestin (norethindrone) to help balance hormone levels in women who still have their uterus, reducing the risk of complications like endometrial overgrowth that can occur with estrogen alone.

Estradiol

Estradiol is a prescription medicine used to treat symptoms caused by low estrogen levels, especially in women going through menopause or those who have had their ovaries removed. It helps relieve common discomforts such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and sleep problems by replacing the estrogen that the body no longer makes naturally. Estradiol may also be used to prevent bone loss (osteoporosis) in postmenopausal women when other treatments aren't suitable.

Estramustine Phosphate

Estramustine Phosphate is a prescription medicine used to treat advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, especially when the cancer continues to grow or spread despite other treatments. It works by combining a chemotherapy agent with an estrogen compound, which together help slow down the growth of cancer cells by interfering with their ability to divide. The estrogen component also reduces the male hormones (like testosterone) that fuel prostate cancer growth.

Ethosuximide

Ethosuximide is a prescription medicine used to treat absence seizures, also known as petit mal seizures. It can be used alone or with other anti-seizure medications. This medicine works by calming abnormal electrical activity in the brain, specifically reducing the spike-and-wave patterns that cause these brief, sudden lapses in awareness. By increasing the brain’s seizure threshold, it helps lower the frequency and intensity of seizures in patients with epilepsy.

Etodolac

Etodolac is a prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other joint or muscle problems. It’s also effective for treating short-term pain such as headaches, dental pain, and menstrual cramps. Etodolac works by blocking certain substances in the body (prostaglandins) that cause pain, swelling, and fever.

Etoposide

Etoposide is a prescription chemotherapy medicine used to treat certain types of cancer, especially testicular cancer and small cell lung cancer. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Etoposide may be used alone or in combination with other cancer drugs, depending on the treatment plan. It helps slow the spread of cancer and may shrink tumors in advanced stages of the disease.

Everolimus

Everolimus is a prescription medicine used to treat several types of advanced cancers, including kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma) that hasn’t responded to other treatments, certain advanced breast cancers, and specific tumors of the pancreas, stomach, intestines, or lungs that have spread and cannot be removed by surgery. It is also used to treat kidney tumors caused by tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a rare genetic disorder that leads to tumor growth in various organs. Everolimus works by slowing down the growth and spread of cancer cells and tumors.

Exemestane

Exemestane is a prescription medicine used to treat hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It works by lowering estrogen levels in the body, which helps slow or stop the growth of certain breast cancers that need estrogen to grow. Exemestane is often used after surgery or other treatments like tamoxifen to reduce the chance of cancer coming back.

Ezetimibe

Ezetimibe is a prescription medicine used to help lower high cholesterol levels in the blood, especially when diet and exercise alone are not enough. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol your body absorbs from the food you eat. Lowering cholesterol helps reduce the risk of heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes. Ezetimibe is often used together with a healthy, low-fat diet and sometimes with other cholesterol-lowering medicines like statins.

Fam-Trastuzumab Deruxtecan-Nxki

Fam-Trastuzumab Deruxtecan-nxki is a prescription medicine used to treat certain advanced or metastatic cancers that have high or low levels of the HER2 protein. It is approved for HER2-positive breast cancer, HER2-low breast cancer, HER2-mutated non-small cell lung cancer, and HER2-positive stomach or esophageal cancer when the disease has spread or no longer responds to other treatments. This drug works by attaching to the HER2 protein on cancer cells and delivering a chemotherapy agent directly into the cell to stop its growth and kill it.

Febuxostat

Febuxostat is a prescription medicine used for the long-term treatment of high uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) in patients with gout. It works by blocking an enzyme called xanthine oxidase, which helps reduce the production of uric acid in the body. Lowering uric acid levels helps prevent gout attacks, which cause painful joint inflammation. Febuxostat is especially useful for people who cannot tolerate or did not respond well to other gout medications like allopurinol.

Fenofibrate

Fenofibrate is a prescription medication used to help lower high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in the blood, especially in people at risk for heart disease or pancreatitis. It works by increasing the natural breakdown and removal of fats from the bloodstream, helping to improve the balance of "good" (HDL) and "bad" (LDL) cholesterol. Fenofibrate is most effective when used along with a proper diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes to support heart and metabolic health.

Ferric Derisomaltose

Ferric derisomaltose is a prescription medicine used to treat iron deficiency anemia in adults, especially when oral iron supplements are not effective, not tolerated, or when there’s a need to quickly restore iron levels. It is often used in patients with chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy blood loss where iron needs are high. This intravenous iron therapy helps replenish iron stores in the body, allowing for proper red blood cell production and improved energy levels.

Fezolinetant

Fezolinetant is a prescription medicine used to treat moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as hot flashes and night sweats, that are associated with menopause. These symptoms occur due to hormonal changes, and Fezolinetant works by blocking a brain receptor involved in regulating body temperature. Unlike hormone replacement therapy, it does not contain estrogen, making it a non-hormonal option for women who cannot or prefer not to take hormones.

Fidaxomicin

Fidaxomicin is a prescription antibiotic used to treat diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), a bacterial infection that affects the intestines—often after taking other antibiotics. It works by killing the C. diff bacteria directly in the gut without disturbing the healthy bacteria as much as other antibiotics do. This makes it a targeted treatment with a lower chance of recurrence. Fidaxomicin belongs to the macrolide class and is used specifically to reduce drug-resistant bacteria and preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.

Filgotinib

Filgotinib is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis, especially in patients who haven't responded well to or cannot tolerate traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), like methotrexate. It works by blocking a specific enzyme (JAK1) involved in inflammation, helping reduce joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. Filgotinib may be used alone or together with methotrexate, depending on the patient's condition and treatment history.

Filgrastim

Filgrastim is a prescription medicine used to help the body produce more white blood cells, especially in people whose immune systems are weakened due to chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant, or certain medical conditions like severe chronic neutropenia. It stimulates the bone marrow to make neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection. By boosting white blood cell counts, Filgrastim reduces the risk of serious infections in patients with low immunity.

Finasteride

Finasteride is a prescription medicine used to treat two main conditions in men: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern hair loss. In BPH, it helps shrink an enlarged prostate, easing symptoms like frequent urination or difficulty starting urination. For hair loss, it works by lowering levels of DHT (dihydrotestosterone), a hormone that contributes to shrinking hair follicles, thus slowing hair thinning and promoting regrowth. Finasteride is only for use in adult men and is not suitable for women or children.

Finerenone

Finerenone is used to treat adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who also have type 2 diabetes. It helps slow down the worsening of kidney problems and lowers the chance of serious heart issues like heart attacks or heart failure. By protecting the kidneys and heart, it aims to reduce the risk of kidney failure and death related to heart disease. Finerenone is a prescription medicine, so it must be used under a doctor’s supervision.

Fludrocortisone Acetate

Fludrocortisone Acetate is a prescription medicine used to help manage conditions where the body doesn't produce enough natural steroids, such as Addison’s disease or salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome. It works by mimicking a hormone in your body that helps control salt and water balance, which is important for maintaining healthy blood pressure and fluid levels. It is often used along with other steroids like hydrocortisone to fully replace what the body lacks.

Fluorouracil injection

Fluorouracil injection is used to treat various types of cancer, including cancers of the colon, rectum, breast, stomach, and skin. It belongs to a group of chemotherapy drugs that work by interfering with the cancer cells' ability to grow and multiply, helping to slow down or stop tumor growth. Because it affects rapidly dividing cells, it targets cancer cells specifically, though it may also affect some normal cells. Fluorouracil injection is a doctor-prescribed (Fluorouracil injection) medicine and must be used under medical supervision.

Fluorouracil

Fluorouracil is used to treat various types of cancer, including cancers of the colon, rectum, breast, stomach, and skin. It belongs to a group of chemotherapy drugs that work by interfering with the cancer cells' ability to grow and multiply, helping to slow down or stop tumor growth. Because it affects rapidly dividing cells, it targets cancer cells specifically, though it may also affect some normal cells. Fluorouracil is a doctor-prescribed (Fluorouracil) medicine and must be used under medical supervision.

Fluphenazine Decanoate

Fluphenazine decanoate is a long-acting antipsychotic medicine used to treat certain mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia. It helps by balancing specific chemicals in the brain that affect mood and behavior, reducing symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. This medicine is especially helpful for people who have difficulty remembering to take daily pills because it is given as an injection that lasts several weeks. Fluphenazine decanoate is not recommended for children under 12 years of age and should only be used under a doctor’s prescription and supervision.

Flurbiprofen

Flurbiprofen is used to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and ease stiffness caused by arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. It belongs to a group of medicines called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which work by lowering substances in the body that cause inflammation and discomfort. Flurbiprofen helps improve movement and reduces the symptoms that interfere with daily activities. This medicine is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

Fluvoxamine Maleate

Fluvoxamine Maleate is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a mental health condition where a person experiences unwanted, recurring thoughts (obsessions) and feels the need to perform certain repetitive actions (compulsions) to ease anxiety or distress. By balancing brain chemicals, Fluvoxamine helps reduce these symptoms, improving daily functioning and quality of life. Fluvoxamine Maleate is a doctor-prescribed medicine and should be taken under medical supervision.

Fondaparinux Sodium

Actually, Fondaparinux Sodium is not used for treating alcoholism. Instead, it is a medication that helps prevent and treat blood clots. It works by blocking a specific factor in the blood clotting process to reduce the risk of dangerous clots forming in veins or arteries. Fondaparinux is commonly used after surgeries or during certain illnesses to lower the chance of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). It is a doctor’s prescription medicine and should be used exactly as directed.

Fulvestrant

Fulvestrant is used to treat certain types of advanced or metastatic breast cancer that are hormone receptor-positive in women who have gone through menopause. It works by blocking and degrading estrogen receptors on cancer cells, which helps slow or stop the growth of tumors that depend on estrogen to grow. By targeting the hormone pathway, Fulvestrant helps manage the cancer when other hormone therapies are no longer effective. It is a prescription medicine given by a healthcare provider.

Futibatinib

Futibatinib is used to treat adults with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (a type of bile duct cancer inside the liver) that cannot be removed by surgery or has spread to other parts of the body. It is specifically for patients whose cancer has a certain genetic change called an FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement and who have already received other treatments that didn’t work. Futibatinib works by blocking the FGFR2 protein, which helps slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells.

Gefitinib

Gefitinib is used to treat adults with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has specific genetic changes—EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations, confirmed by an FDA-approved test. It works by blocking the activity of EGFR, a protein that helps cancer cells grow and multiply. By targeting this mutation, Gefitinib slows down or stops the growth of cancer cells.

Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy medicine used to treat various types of cancers, including pancreatic, lung (non-small cell), breast, ovarian, and biliary tract (bile duct) cancers. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, stopping them from growing and dividing. This helps slow down or stop the spread of cancer in the body. It’s usually given when the cancer is advanced or has spread and cannot be removed by surgery.

Gemfibrozil

Gemfibrozil is prescribed to reduce high levels of triglycerides and bad cholesterol (LDL) while increasing good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It is mainly used in people at risk of heart disease, especially when lifestyle changes like diet and exercise aren’t enough. Gemfibrozil is not a cure but helps manage cholesterol levels when taken regularly as part of a long-term plan under medical supervision.

Gilteritinib

Gilteritinib is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with a type of blood cancer called acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that has a specific genetic mutation known as FLT3. It is mainly used in patients whose cancer has come back or has not responded to previous treatments. Gilteritinib works by blocking the abnormal signals that help cancer cells grow, which helps to slow or stop the spread of leukemia.

Glecaprevir + Pibrentasvir

Glecaprevir + Pibrentasvir is a prescription medicine used to treat chronic hepatitis C infection caused by genotypes 1 to 6. It is suitable for patients without liver damage (cirrhosis) or with mild liver damage (compensated cirrhosis). This combination works by stopping the hepatitis C virus from multiplying and spreading in the body. It is highly effective in clearing the virus when taken as directed over a set treatment period.

Glimepiride

Glimepiride is a prescription medicine used to help control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It is usually given when diet and exercise alone are not enough to manage blood sugar levels. Glimepiride works by helping the pancreas release more insulin, which lowers the amount of sugar in the blood. It is often used alone or with other diabetes medicines as part of a full treatment plan.

Glipizide

Glipizide is a prescription medicine used to help lower high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It is usually recommended when lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and regular exercise are not enough to control blood sugar levels. Glipizide works by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin, which helps reduce blood sugar. It helps prevent complications related to diabetes when taken as part of a full treatment plan.

Goserelin acetate

Goserelin acetate is a prescription medicine used to treat certain hormone-sensitive cancers like prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. It works by lowering hormone levels in the body that help these cancers grow. Additionally, it is used to thin the lining of the uterus to prepare for medical procedures that treat abnormal uterine bleeding. This medicine is given under the supervision of a doctor and is part of specialized treatment plans.

Granisetron Hydrochloride

Granisetron Hydrochloride is a prescription medicine used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It works by blocking the signals in the brain that trigger nausea and vomiting, helping patients feel more comfortable during their treatment. Granisetron Hydrochloride does not stop the cancer itself but helps manage these common side effects to improve quality of life.

Granisetron

Granisetron is a prescription medicine used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It works by blocking the signals in the brain that trigger nausea and vomiting, helping patients feel more comfortable during their treatment. Granisetron does not stop the cancer itself but helps manage these common side effects to improve quality of life.

Hyaluronic Acid Gel

Hyaluronic acid gel is a prescription treatment mainly used for cosmetic and dermatological purposes, such as reducing moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds (like smile lines) and enhancing lip volume. It works by adding volume and moisture under the skin, giving a smoother and fuller appearance. The effects typically last from 9 months to a year, depending on the individual and the treated area.

Hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone is a prescription medicine used to treat a wide range of conditions caused by inflammation, overactive immune responses, or hormone imbalances. It is commonly prescribed for arthritis, severe allergies, asthma, adrenal gland problems, skin and eye disorders, and certain cancers. As a corticosteroid, it works by reducing inflammation and calming the immune system, helping to relieve symptoms like swelling, itching, and pain.

Hydroxyurea

Hydroxyurea is a prescription medicine used to treat certain types of cancer, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and some head and neck cancers. It is also used in people over 2 years old with sickle cell anemia to reduce painful episodes and the need for blood transfusions. Hydroxyurea works by slowing down the growth of abnormal cells and helping red blood cells stay in their normal shape, which improves blood flow and reduces complications.

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a prescription or over-the-counter medicine used to relieve mild to moderate pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. It is commonly used for conditions like arthritis, muscle pain, headaches, toothaches, back pain, menstrual cramps, and minor injuries. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), it works by blocking substances in the body that cause pain and swelling, helping you feel more comfortable and function better.

Idelalisib

Idelalisib is a prescription medicine used to treat certain types of blood cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), follicular lymphoma, and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), especially when other treatments haven’t worked. It works by blocking a specific enzyme (PI3K-delta) that helps cancer cells grow and survive. By stopping this signal, Idelalisib helps slow down or stop the progression of the disease.

Ifosfamide

Ifosfamide is a prescription chemotherapy medicine mainly used to treat testicular cancer, specifically germ cell tumors, often in combination with other cancer drugs. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, stopping them from growing and multiplying. Because it can irritate the bladder lining, it is always given along with another medicine called mesna to protect against a serious side effect called hemorrhagic cystitis (bleeding in the bladder).

Imatinib

Imatinib is a prescription medicine used to treat several types of cancers that involve abnormal blood or tissue cell growth. It is mainly used for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in all phases (chronic, accelerated, and blast) that are Philadelphia chromosome-positive. It’s also used in adults with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that cannot be surgically removed or have spread and in children and adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL), especially when the disease is newly diagnosed or has returned.

Imeglimin Hydrochloride

Imeglimin Hydrochloride is a prescription medicine used to help control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. It works through multiple actions: it helps the pancreas release insulin when blood sugar is high, reduces the liver’s production of glucose, and improves the muscles’ ability to use glucose efficiently. By targeting these key areas, it helps improve overall blood sugar control in people who cannot manage it through diet and exercise alone.

Indacaterol + Glycopyrronium

Indacaterol + Glycopyrronium is a prescription inhalation medicine used to manage and relieve symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe and helping to reduce symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. This combination provides long-acting relief and is meant for regular daily use to improve lung function over time.

Indomethacin

Indomethacin is a prescription anti-inflammatory medicine used to relieve pain, swelling, and stiffness caused by various joint and muscle conditions. It is commonly prescribed for arthritis (including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis), ankylosing spondylitis, gout attacks, bursitis, and tendonitis. It works by blocking substances in the body that cause inflammation and pain, helping improve movement and comfort in affected areas.

Interferon Alfa-2b

Interferon Alfa-2b is a prescription medicine used to treat certain cancers like melanoma, leukemia, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, as well as viral infections such as chronic hepatitis B and C, and genital warts (condylomata acuminata). It works by boosting the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells and viruses more effectively. It slows down cell growth, reduces the spread of abnormal cells, and enhances the body’s defense response.

Irinotecan Hydrochloride

Irinotecan Hydrochloride is a prescription chemotherapy medicine primarily used to treat advanced cancers of the colon and rectum, especially when the cancer has spread or hasn’t responded to other treatments. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from multiplying and eventually causing them to die. Irinotecan may be used alone or in combination with other drugs as part of a chemotherapy regimen.

Ivabradine

Ivabradine is a prescription medicine used to manage chronic heart failure in adults, especially those with a fast resting heart rate despite standard treatment. It helps slow down the heart rate, reducing the workload on the heart and lowering the risk of hospitalization. In children over 6 months old, it is also used to treat heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy (an enlarged and weakened heart). Ivabradine improves heart function by targeting the natural pacemaker of the heart without affecting blood pressure.

Ivosidenib

Ivosidenib is a prescription medicine used to treat certain types of cancer that have a specific genetic mutation called IDH1. It is mainly used in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that has this mutation—either in newly diagnosed patients who cannot receive intensive chemotherapy, or in those whose cancer has returned or hasn't responded to previous treatment. Ivosidenib is also approved for treating advanced or metastatic bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) with IDH1 mutations. It works by blocking the abnormal IDH1 enzyme, which helps slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells.

Ixazomib

Ixazomib is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer affecting plasma cells. It works by blocking proteasomes—cell structures that break down unwanted proteins—causing cancer cells to stop growing and eventually die. Ixazomib is typically used in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, especially in patients who have already received at least one prior treatment. This combination helps control the disease more effectively and prolongs the time before it worsens.

Ketoprofen

Ketoprofen is a prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain, swelling, and stiffness caused by various conditions such as arthritis, dental pain, menstrual cramps, backaches, and muscle injuries. It works by blocking the production of certain natural substances in the body (prostaglandins) that cause inflammation and pain. Ketoprofen is effective in both acute and chronic pain management, making it useful for short-term relief or long-term inflammatory conditions.

L-asparaginase

L-asparaginase is primarily used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells. It’s especially important in treatment plans for children and adults with ALL because it targets cancer cells by breaking down asparagine, an amino acid they need to grow. Without asparagine, leukemia cells can’t survive, which helps control the disease. L-asparaginase may also be used in some lymphomas, but its main role is in ALL therapy, often combined with other chemotherapy drugs for better results.

Lacosamide

Lacosamide is mainly used to treat partial-onset seizures (also called focal seizures), which start in one part of the brain. It is approved for use in adults and children (usually 4 years and older) either alone (monotherapy) or with other seizure medicines (adjunctive therapy). In some cases, it’s also used to help manage primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in people with epilepsy. By helping to stabilize overactive brain signals, Lacosamide can reduce the number and severity of seizures.

Lamivudine

Lamivudine is primarily used to treat HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and chronic hepatitis B. For HIV, it works by slowing the spread of the virus in the body, making it a key part of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for managing HIV infection. In the case of chronic hepatitis B, it helps to reduce the amount of the virus in the liver and improve liver function. Lamivudine is usually combined with other medications to help control both HIV and hepatitis B infections more effectively.

Lapatinib

Lapatinib is used to treat certain types of advanced or metastatic breast cancer that are HER2-positive—meaning the cancer cells have too much of a protein called HER2, which helps them grow. It is usually given with other medications like capecitabine or letrozole, especially in patients who have already tried other treatments without success. Lapatinib works by blocking signals in cancer cells that tell them to grow, helping to slow or stop tumor growth.

Larotrectinib

Larotrectinib is used to treat cancers that have a specific genetic mutation known as NTRK gene fusion. This mutation can occur in various types of cancers, including those of the brain, lung, thyroid, and soft tissues. Larotrectinib works by blocking the activity of the NTRK proteins, which are responsible for cancer cell growth. It is often used for cancers that are difficult to treat with standard chemotherapy and that test positive for the NTRK fusion gene.

Leflunomide

Leflunomide is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. It helps by reducing inflammation and slowing down joint damage over time. Leflunomide works by blocking the activity of certain immune cells that cause the inflammation. This makes it useful for long-term control of symptoms and to help improve daily movement and quality of life.

Letermovir

Letermovir is indicated for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in adult patients who have received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and are CMV-seropositive, meaning they have been exposed to the virus before. After a transplant, the immune system is very weak, and dormant viruses like CMV can become active and cause serious illness. Letermovir helps prevent this by blocking a key step in the virus's replication process. It does not treat active CMV infection but is effective in reducing the chance of the virus reactivating in high-risk patients. Starting Letermovir early after transplant helps protect patients during the critical recovery period.

Macitentan

Macitentan is primarily indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a serious condition where there is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. PAH makes it harder for the heart to pump blood through the lungs, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and swelling in the legs. Macitentan works by blocking endothelin receptors, which helps relax and widen the blood vessels in the lungs, reducing pressure and improving blood flow. This helps slow disease progression, improve the ability to exercise, and reduce the risk of worsening symptoms or hospitalization.

Mavacamten

Mavacamten is primarily used to treat obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in adults. HCM is a condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, which can block blood flow out of the heart and cause symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Mavacamten works by reducing the thickening of the heart muscle, which helps the heart pump blood more effectively and reduces the obstruction, improving symptoms and quality of life.

Mebendazole

Mebendazole is mainly used to treat a variety of parasitic worm infections. These include roundworms, hookworms, pinworms, whipworms, and tapeworms. It works by preventing the worms from absorbing sugar, which is essential for their survival. As a result, the worms eventually die off and are expelled from the body. Mebendazole is often prescribed for both adults and children to clear infections that are commonly contracted from contaminated food, water, or soil.

Megestrol Acetate

Megestrol acetate is mainly prescribed to treat loss of appetite and weight loss caused by serious conditions like cancer, AIDS, or other chronic illnesses. It helps to stimulate appetite and promote weight gain by increasing the body’s ability to retain food and nutrients. In addition, it is used in the treatment of certain types of breast cancer and endometrial cancer by acting on the hormonal balance, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. It’s often given to patients who are unable to maintain a healthy weight or suffer from cachexia (severe weight loss).

Meloxicam

Meloxicam is primarily used to treat pain and inflammation caused by arthritis conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile arthritis in children. It helps reduce swelling, stiffness, and pain in the joints, making it easier to move. Meloxicam works by blocking certain chemicals in the body that cause inflammation. It’s also sometimes used for conditions like ankylosing spondylitis, which causes pain and stiffness in the spine.

Melphalan

Melphalan is a chemotherapy drug used primarily to treat multiple myeloma (a type of blood cancer) and ovarian cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Melphalan is also used in high-dose regimens for bone marrow transplant patients to treat certain cancers. It can be given orally or through an IV depending on the treatment plan. By targeting rapidly dividing cells, it helps reduce tumor size and control the disease.

Mercaptopurine

Mercaptopurine is primarily used to treat certain cancers, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), where it helps to slow down the growth of cancer cells. It’s also prescribed for autoimmune diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation. By interfering with DNA synthesis, it prevents the rapid growth of abnormal cells. In cancer treatments, it's often used as part of combination chemotherapy, while in autoimmune conditions, it helps manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups.

Mesna

Mesna is primarily used to protect the bladder from damage caused by certain chemotherapy drugs, especially ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide, which can cause hemorrhagic cystitis (bladder inflammation and bleeding). It works by binding to toxic byproducts of these chemotherapy drugs in the urine, neutralizing them before they can damage the bladder lining. Mesna is often used as a preventive treatment during chemotherapy to help minimize the risk of bladder-related side effects.

Metformin Hydrochloride

Metformin hydrochloride is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes by helping to lower blood sugar levels. It works by improving the body’s response to insulin, reducing the amount of sugar produced by the liver, and increasing the absorption of sugar in muscle cells. This helps people with type 2 diabetes manage their blood sugar more effectively. Metformin is often used as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes and can also be used in combination with other medications, including insulin, when necessary.

Methotrexate

Methotrexate is a versatile medication used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory conditions. It is commonly prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain types of cancer such as leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer. In low doses, methotrexate helps reduce inflammation and slow disease progression in autoimmune disorders by suppressing the overactive immune system. In higher doses, it acts as a chemotherapy agent, targeting and killing rapidly dividing cancer cells.

Metronidazole

Metronidazole is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial and parasitic infections, especially those involving areas where oxygen is low (called anaerobic infections). It is commonly prescribed for conditions like bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis (a sexually transmitted infection), giardiasis, infections of the stomach or intestines, dental infections, and skin or pelvic infections. It works by entering the cells of bacteria or parasites and damaging their DNA, which stops them from multiplying and spreading.

Mexiletine

Mexiletine is mainly used to treat serious abnormal heart rhythms, especially ventricular arrhythmias, which are fast, irregular heartbeats that start in the lower chambers of the heart. These types of arrhythmias can be life-threatening if not controlled. Mexiletine works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that cause it to beat irregularly, helping to restore a normal and steady rhythm. It is typically used when other antiarrhythmic drugs are not effective or suitable.

Midostaurin

Midostaurin is mainly used to treat certain types of blood cancers, specifically acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that has a FLT3 gene mutation, and rare conditions like aggressive systemic mastocytosis, systemic mastocytosis with associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN), and mast cell leukemia. In AML, it helps block abnormal signals in cancer cells that cause them to grow uncontrollably. In mastocytosis-related disorders, it reduces the number of abnormal mast cells that build up in organs and cause serious symptoms.

Miltefosine

Miltefosine is primarily used to treat leishmaniasis, a serious parasitic disease spread by sandfly bites. It is effective against different forms of the disease, including visceral leishmaniasis (affecting internal organs), cutaneous leishmaniasis (affecting the skin), and mucosal leishmaniasis (affecting the nose and throat areas). Miltefosine works by disrupting the parasite’s cell membrane, leading to its death. It is one of the few oral treatments available for this condition, which makes it especially useful in areas with limited medical resources.

Minoxidil

Minoxidil is primarily used for two main purposes: to treat androgenetic alopecia (pattern hair loss) and, in its oral form, to manage severe high blood pressure that hasn’t responded to other treatments. As a topical solution or foam, it helps stimulate hair growth and slow down hair loss by improving blood flow to hair follicles and extending the growth phase of the hair cycle. As an oral medication, minoxidil acts as a vasodilator, relaxing blood vessels to lower blood pressure in people with resistant hypertension.

Mirabegron

Mirabegron is primarily used to treat overactive bladder (OAB), a condition where the bladder muscles contract too often or uncontrollably, causing frequent urination, strong sudden urges to urinate, and urine leakage (urge incontinence). It works by relaxing the bladder muscle (specifically the detrusor muscle) through stimulation of beta-3 adrenergic receptors, allowing the bladder to store more urine and reducing the urgency and frequency of bathroom trips.

Mirabegron

Mitotane

Mitotane is primarily used to treat adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare and aggressive cancer of the adrenal glands, which produce important hormones like cortisol and aldosterone. Mitotane works by damaging the adrenal cortex cells, helping to shrink tumors or slow their growth. It is used in patients with inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent adrenal cancer, and sometimes after surgery to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back. Mitotane also reduces the production of adrenal hormones, which may help control symptoms caused by hormone overproduction.

Mobocertinib

Mobocertinib is specifically indicated for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults whose cancer has a rare mutation called EGFR exon 20 insertion, which makes the disease more resistant to standard EGFR-targeted therapies. It is used when the cancer is advanced or metastatic (spread to other parts of the body) and after the patient has already received platinum-based chemotherapy. Mobocertinib works by blocking the abnormal EGFR protein that drives cancer cell growth, helping to slow or stop tumor progression.

Molnupiravir

Molnupiravir is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults who are at high risk of developing severe illness, such as hospitalization or death. It is used when other treatment options are not accessible or suitable. Molnupiravir works by introducing errors into the virus’s RNA as it replicates, which helps stop the virus from multiplying and spreading in the body. It must be started within 5 days of symptom onset for best results.

Momelotinib

Momelotinib is used to treat adults with myelofibrosis, a rare bone marrow disorder that causes scarring in the bone marrow, leading to anemia (low red blood cells), an enlarged spleen, and other symptoms like fatigue and night sweats. It is especially helpful for patients who have moderate to severe anemia or have already used other treatments like JAK inhibitors but need something more effective or better tolerated.

Montelukast

Montelukast is mainly used to prevent and control asthma symptoms, such as wheezing and shortness of breath, and to help relieve seasonal or year-round allergy symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itching. It is also used to prevent exercise-induced asthma. Montelukast works by blocking leukotrienes, natural substances in the body that cause inflammation, tightening of airways, and allergy symptoms.

Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride

Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, especially in the lungs, sinuses, skin, and abdomen. It is commonly prescribed for conditions like community-acquired pneumonia, acute sinus infections, chronic bronchitis flare-ups, and certain skin or intra-abdominal infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria and is only effective against bacterial, not viral, infections like the common cold or flu.

Mycophenolate Mofetil

Mycophenolate Mofetil is mainly used to prevent organ rejection in patients who have received a kidney, heart, or liver transplant. It works by suppressing the immune system, so it doesn’t attack the new organ as a foreign object. By lowering the activity of immune cells, the medicine helps the body accept the transplanted organ more easily and reduces the risk of rejection.

Naproxen Sodium

Naproxen Sodium is used to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever. It is commonly taken for arthritis (like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis), muscle pain, backaches, menstrual cramps, headaches, toothaches, and minor injuries. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), it works by blocking substances in the body (prostaglandins) that cause pain and swelling.

Nateglinide

Nateglinide is used to help control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes, especially around mealtimes. It is typically prescribed when diet and exercise alone are not enough to manage blood sugar. Nateglinide works by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin quickly after eating, helping to reduce the sharp rise in blood sugar that happens after meals.

Neratinib

Neratinib is used to treat early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer in adults, especially after completing treatment with trastuzumab (another HER2-targeted therapy). It helps lower the risk of the cancer coming back by blocking HER2 receptors, which are proteins that help cancer cells grow. Neratinib is often used as an extended adjuvant therapy, meaning it continues treatment after initial therapy to give longer protection against recurrence.

Nifedipine

Nifedipine is mainly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and chest pain (angina) caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood and lowering the pressure inside the arteries. This helps prevent complications like heart attacks, strokes, and kidney problems, and also reduces episodes of chest pain.

Nifurtimox

Nifurtimox is used to treat Chagas disease, which is an infection caused by a parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi. This disease is mostly found in Latin America and can cause serious heart and digestive problems if left untreated. Nifurtimox works by killing the parasite early in the infection, helping to stop the disease from getting worse. It is usually given in the acute phase (early stage) of the disease and sometimes for chronic cases under careful medical supervision.

Nilotinib

Nilotinib is used to treat a type of blood cancer called chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in patients who have a specific genetic change known as the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+). It is prescribed for patients in the chronic or accelerated phase of CML, either as a first-line treatment or when other medicines like imatinib don’t work or cause side effects. Nilotinib works by blocking a protein called BCR-ABL, which helps cancer cells grow.

Niraparib

Niraparib is an antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including chest infections like pneumonia, throat infections, urinary tract infections, and dental abscesses. It works by preventing bacteria from building their protective cell walls, which stops their growth and eventually kills them. This medicine is only effective against bacterial infections, not viral ones like the common cold or flu. Niraparib must be prescribed by a doctor and taken exactly as directed to ensure it works properly and to avoid antibiotic resistance.

Olaparib

Olaparib is used to treat several types of cancers, mainly ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers that are linked to inherited BRCA gene mutations. It works by blocking an enzyme called PARP, which cancer cells use to repair their damaged DNA. Without this repair system, the cancer cells die, especially those already weakened by BRCA mutations. It is often used after initial treatments like chemotherapy or in maintenance therapy to help prevent cancer from coming back.

Osimertinib

Osimertinib is used to treat a specific type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has mutations in the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) gene. It is approved for patients whose cancer has spread (metastatic) or to help prevent recurrence after surgery in early-stage EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Osimertinib works by blocking the abnormal EGFR proteins that help cancer cells grow and spread. It is especially useful in cases where the cancer has become resistant to earlier EGFR-targeting drugs.

Oxaliplatin

Oxaliplatin is primarily used to treat advanced or early-stage colorectal cancer, often in combination with other chemotherapy drugs like 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (known as the FOLFOX regimen). It works by interfering with the cancer cells’ DNA, stopping them from growing and dividing. Oxaliplatin is commonly given after surgery to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back or in advanced cases to help shrink tumors and slow disease progression.

Oxaprozin

Palbociclib

Palbociclib is used to treat a specific type of advanced or metastatic breast cancer that is hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and HER2-negative. It works by blocking certain proteins (CDK4 and CDK6) that cancer cells need to grow and divide. By slowing down the cell cycle, Palbociclib helps stop cancer from spreading. It is usually given in combination with hormone therapies like letrozole or fulvestrant, either in women who have gone through menopause or in men with the same cancer type.

Paracetamol & Tramadol Hydrochloride

The combination of Paracetamol and Tramadol Hydrochloride is indicated for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain when other painkillers alone are not enough. Paracetamol works by reducing pain signals and lowering fever, while Tramadol is a centrally acting opioid-like pain reliever that changes how the brain perceives pain. Together, they provide a more effective pain control option for conditions like post-surgical pain, injury-related pain, or chronic pain in certain medical conditions.

Pazopanib

Pazopanib is indicated for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer) and certain types of advanced soft tissue sarcoma in adults who have already received chemotherapy. It works by blocking proteins called tyrosine kinases that help cancer cells grow and form new blood vessels (angiogenesis). By cutting off the tumor’s blood supply, Pazopanib helps slow down or stop the growth and spread of the cancer.

Pegaspargase

Pegaspargase is indicated for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially in children and young adults. It is often used as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen during the induction and consolidation phases of treatment. Pegaspargase works by breaking down an amino acid called asparagine, which leukemia cells need to grow and survive. Normal cells can make their own asparagine, but leukemia cells cannot, so this medication starves them and helps stop their growth.

Pegfilgrastim

Pegfilgrastim is indicated to reduce the risk of infection in patients receiving chemotherapy that can cause neutropenia (a dangerously low level of white blood cells). It works by stimulating the bone marrow to produce more neutrophils, which are essential for fighting infections. Pegfilgrastim is especially useful in patients with cancers like breast, lung, or lymphoma who are undergoing strong chemotherapy that suppresses the immune system. It helps prevent complications like fever, infections, and treatment delays.

Peginterferon alfa-2a

Peginterferon alfa-2a is primarily indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in adults. It helps by boosting the body’s immune response to fight the virus and reduce liver damage. In hepatitis C, it is often used in combination with other antiviral drugs to improve treatment effectiveness. It may also be used in certain blood disorders, like polycythemia vera, to control abnormal blood cell production. Peginterferon alfa-2a is a long-acting form of interferon, allowing for once-weekly dosing, which improves patient convenience and consistency.

Pembrolizumab

Pembrolizumab is used to treat various types of cancer by helping the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. It’s mainly indicated for cancers like non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma (skin cancer), head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and certain types of colorectal and uterine cancers. It is especially used when cancer has spread (metastasized) or cannot be removed by surgery, and in some cases, when other treatments haven’t worked. It works by blocking the PD-1 protein on immune cells, boosting their ability to fight cancer.

Pemetrexed Disodium

Pemetrexed Disodium is mainly used to treat certain types of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer) and malignant pleural mesothelioma, which is a cancer linked to asbestos exposure. It is usually given when the cancer is advanced, has spread, or cannot be treated with surgery. In lung cancer, it's often used alone or with another chemotherapy drug like cisplatin, especially when the cancer does not have specific genetic mutations. It works by stopping cancer cells from making DNA, which they need to grow and divide.

Pemigatinib

Pemigatinib is used to treat bile duct cancer (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery and has a specific FGFR2 gene fusion or rearrangement. It is typically given after the patient has already tried at least one line of chemotherapy without success. Pemigatinib targets and blocks the FGFR2 protein, which helps stop cancer cells from growing and spreading in patients with this genetic change.

Perampanel

Perampanel is used to treat epilepsy by helping prevent seizures. It is approved for partial-onset seizures (which start in one part of the brain) in people aged 4 years and older, and for generalized tonic-clonic seizures (involving the whole brain) in people 12 years and older. It works by blocking a certain brain receptor (AMPA receptor) involved in triggering seizures, helping to calm overactive nerve signals and reduce how often seizures happen.

Pimecrolimus

Pimecrolimus is used to treat mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (eczema), a skin condition that causes redness, itching, and inflammation. It’s mainly prescribed when steroid creams aren’t suitable or for sensitive areas like the face, neck, or skin folds. It helps by calming the immune response in the skin, reducing inflammation and itch without thinning the skin like steroids can. It’s especially helpful for preventing flare-ups when used early in the course of symptoms.

Pioglitazone + Metformin

The combination of Pioglitazone and Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes in adults when single therapy with either drug is not enough to control blood sugar. Metformin lowers glucose production in the liver and improves insulin sensitivity, while Pioglitazone helps the body use insulin more effectively. Together, they work in different ways to improve blood sugar control and help reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications.

Pioglitazone

Pioglitazone is prescribed to help control type 2 diabetes when diet, exercise, and other medications alone are not enough. It works by making the body’s cells more sensitive to insulin, which helps lower blood sugar levels. It can be used alone or together with other diabetes medicines like metformin or insulin. Pioglitazone helps reduce the risk of complications related to high blood sugar by improving how the body uses glucose.

Pirfenidone

Pirfenidone is used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic lung disease where the lung tissue becomes thickened and scarred over time, making it hard to breathe. Pirfenidone helps slow down the progression of this scarring by reducing inflammation and the buildup of fibrous tissue in the lungs. While it doesn't cure IPF, it can help preserve lung function and delay worsening symptoms in many patients.

Piroxicam

Piroxicam is used to relieve pain, swelling, and stiffness in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. These are long-term inflammatory joint diseases that cause discomfort and reduced movement. Piroxicam works by blocking substances in the body (prostaglandins) that cause inflammation and pain. It helps improve daily function by reducing symptoms but does not cure the underlying disease.

Pitavastatin

Pitavastatin is prescribed to lower high cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood, helping to prevent heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes. It is mainly used in people with high LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, especially when lifestyle changes like diet and exercise alone are not enough. It works by blocking an enzyme the liver uses to make cholesterol, which helps reduce buildup in blood vessels and improves blood flow.

Pomalidomide

Pomalidomide is mainly used to treat multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells. It is prescribed for patients who have already tried other treatments like lenalidomide and bortezomib but their disease has worsened. Pomalidomide helps slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells and boosts the immune system to fight the disease. It is usually used in combination with other medicines, like low-dose dexamethasone.

Ponatinib

Ponatinib is used to treat certain types of leukemia, specifically chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in patients who are resistant to or cannot tolerate other treatments. It is especially helpful for patients with the T315I mutation, a genetic change that makes leukemia cells resistant to most other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Ponatinib works by blocking the activity of proteins that signal cancer cells to grow.

Posaconazole

Posaconazole is used to prevent and treat serious fungal infections, especially in people with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, stem cell transplants, or with advanced HIV/AIDS. It is effective against infections like aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and certain types of Candida infections. Posaconazole works by stopping the growth of fungi, making it especially useful in patients at high risk of life-threatening fungal diseases.

Pralsetinib

Pralsetinib is used to treat cancers that have a specific abnormal change in a gene called RET (rearranged during transfection). It is mainly given to patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), or other types of RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. This medicine works by blocking the abnormal RET protein that helps cancer cells grow, which slows or stops the cancer.

Prazosin

Prazosin is mainly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by helping blood vessels relax and widen, making it easier for blood to flow. It is also commonly prescribed to reduce nightmares and sleep problems in people with PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). Sometimes, it's used to treat enlarged prostate symptoms (BPH) because it helps improve urine flow. Prazosin works by blocking certain receptors (alpha-1) in the body that tighten blood vessels or affect muscle tone.

Prednisolone

Prednisolone is used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, such as asthma, allergies, arthritis, skin problems, ulcerative colitis, lupus, and certain eye conditions. It works by lowering inflammation and calming an overactive immune system. It’s also used in some cancer treatments and after organ transplants to help prevent rejection. Because it affects the immune response, it's especially helpful when the body is attacking itself or overreacting to something harmless.

Prucalopride

Prucalopride is mainly used to treat chronic constipation in adults, especially when other laxatives haven’t worked well enough. It is designed for people who have infrequent or difficult bowel movements that last for several months. Unlike regular laxatives, prucalopride works by activating serotonin receptors in the gut, which helps the muscles of the bowel contract and move stool more naturally. This improves bowel function and helps relieve long-term constipation.

Quetiapine Fumarate

Quetiapine fumarate is mainly used to treat mental health conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and sometimes major depressive disorder (as an add-on treatment). It helps balance certain brain chemicals (like dopamine and serotonin) to improve symptoms such as hallucinations, mood swings, anxiety, and severe depression. It can help stabilize mood, reduce agitation, and improve thinking and behavior in people with these conditions.

Quinapril Hydrochloride

Quinapril hydrochloride is mainly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. By lowering blood pressure, it helps reduce the risk of serious problems like heart attacks, strokes, and kidney damage. In heart failure, it helps the heart pump blood more efficiently. It works by relaxing blood vessels through blocking an enzyme that tightens them, making it easier for blood to flow and reducing the heart’s workload.

Quizartinib

Quizartinib is used to treat a type of blood cancer called acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults who have a specific genetic mutation known as FLT3-ITD. This mutation causes leukemia cells to grow quickly, and Quizartinib works by blocking the FLT3 protein to help stop or slow down the growth of these cancer cells. It is usually given in combination with other chemotherapy medicines during the initial treatment and as a maintenance therapy to help keep the cancer from coming back.

Ramucirumab

Ramucirumab is used to treat several types of advanced cancers, including stomach (gastric) cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). It works by blocking a protein called VEGFR-2 that helps tumors grow new blood vessels. By stopping blood vessel growth, ramucirumab cuts off the tumor’s supply of oxygen and nutrients, slowing its growth. It’s often given when cancer has progressed despite other treatments or in combination with chemotherapy.

Rasagiline Mesylate

Rasagiline mesylate is used to treat Parkinson’s disease, a condition where parts of the brain have low levels of dopamine, causing symptoms like tremors, stiffness, and slow movement. Rasagiline helps by blocking an enzyme (MAO-B) that breaks down dopamine, which increases dopamine levels and improves motor symptoms. It can be used alone in early Parkinson’s or added to other medications as the disease progresses to help control symptoms better.

Regorafenib

Regorafenib is used to treat certain advanced or metastatic cancers that have stopped responding to other treatments. These include colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). It works by blocking multiple proteins (kinases) that help cancer cells grow and form new blood vessels. By targeting these pathways, regorafenib helps slow down tumor growth and spread, especially when other therapies are no longer effective.

Relugolix

Remdesivir is used to treat COVID-19 in patients who are hospitalized or at high risk of severe illness, including those needing oxygen support. It works by blocking the replication of the virus (SARS-CoV-2) inside the body, helping to reduce the severity and length of the illness. It is most effective when given early in the infection and is used to shorten recovery time and lower the risk of complications, especially in people with moderate to severe symptoms.

Repaglinide + Metformin Hydrochloride

Repaglinide + metformin hydrochloride is used to help control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes when diet, exercise, or single medications aren’t enough. This combination works in two ways: repaglinide increases insulin release from the pancreas to lower blood sugar after meals, while metformin reduces sugar production in the liver and helps the body use insulin more effectively. Together, they help manage diabetes and reduce the risk of complications like nerve damage, kidney problems, and heart disease.

Repotrectinib

Repotrectinib is used to treat certain types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients whose tumors have specific genetic changes, such as ROS1 gene fusions or NTRK gene fusions. These mutations help cancer cells grow, and repotrectinib works by blocking the abnormal proteins produced by these gene changes, helping to slow or stop the cancer's growth. It is especially helpful in cases where the cancer has spread (metastatic) or when previous treatments have failed.

Resmetirom

Resmetirom is primarily being developed to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a liver condition where fat builds up in the liver causing inflammation and damage, which can lead to serious problems like cirrhosis or liver failure. It works by activating thyroid hormone receptors in the liver, which helps reduce liver fat, improve metabolism, and lower inflammation. This targeted approach aims to slow or reverse liver damage in people with NASH, especially those with fibrosis (scarring).

Ribavirin

Ribavirin is primarily used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in combination with other antiviral medications. It helps stop the virus from multiplying, which supports the body in clearing the infection. Ribavirin may also be used for some respiratory viral infections and, less commonly, for other viral illnesses. It is not usually given alone but combined with drugs like interferon or newer direct-acting antivirals to increase treatment effectiveness.

Ribociclib Succinate

Ribociclib succinate is used to treat hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced or metastatic breast cancer in adults. It is combined with hormone therapies like aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant to help slow down the growth and spread of cancer by blocking specific proteins (CDK4 and CDK6) that cancer cells need to divide. This targeted treatment helps extend the time before the cancer worsens, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Ribociclib

Ribociclib is used to treat hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced or metastatic breast cancer. It is typically given along with hormone therapy to help slow the growth of cancer cells by blocking proteins called CDK4 and CDK6, which are involved in cell division. This treatment helps control the cancer for longer and can delay the need for chemotherapy, improving quality of life for patients with advanced breast cancer.

Risedronate Sodium

Risedronate sodium is prescribed to treat and prevent osteoporosis—a condition where bones become weak and brittle—especially in postmenopausal women, men, and people taking long-term steroid medications. It is also used to treat Paget’s disease of bone, a disorder that causes abnormal bone growth. Risedronate works by slowing down the cells that break down bone, helping to maintain or increase bone strength and reduce the risk of fractures, especially in the spine and hips.

Risperidone

Risperidone is mainly used to treat mental and mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism. It helps to balance brain chemicals like dopamine and serotonin, which can reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, mood swings, aggression, and social withdrawal. By improving thinking, mood, and behavior, risperidone helps patients function better in daily life and maintain emotional stability.

Ritlecitinib

Ritlecitinib is used to treat alopecia areata, an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to patchy or total hair loss. It works by blocking specific enzymes (JAK3 and TEC family kinases) that trigger the immune response responsible for this attack. By calming down the overactive immune system, ritlecitinib helps reduce inflammation and promote hair regrowth in people with moderate to severe alopecia areata.

Ritonavir

Ritonavir is mainly used to treat HIV infection. It works by helping control the virus in the body, so the immune system stays stronger and the risk of HIV-related complications is lower. Its most common role today is not as a main HIV medicine but as a "booster"—it increases the levels and effects of other HIV drugs by slowing down how fast they're broken down in the liver. This helps the main drugs work better and longer. It's sometimes also used in combination treatments for other viral infections like COVID-19, but only under specific guidance.

Rituximab

Rituximab is used to treat certain cancers and autoimmune diseases. It's mainly given for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by targeting and destroying B-cells, a type of white blood cell that becomes abnormal in these cancers. It's also used in autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and pemphigus vulgaris, where the immune system attacks the body by mistake. Rituximab helps reduce this harmful immune response by lowering the number of B-cells causing the problem.

Rivastigmine

Rivastigmine is mainly used to treat mild to moderate dementia in people with Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. It helps improve memory, thinking, and daily functioning by increasing the levels of a brain chemical called acetylcholine, which is important for learning and memory. While it doesn’t cure dementia or stop it from getting worse, it can slow down the progression of symptoms and help maintain independence for a longer time. The benefits vary, and it works best when started early in the disease.

Roflumilast Cream

Roflumilast cream is mainly used to treat plaque psoriasis in people aged 12 years and older. Plaque psoriasis is a chronic skin condition where the immune system causes skin cells to build up too quickly, leading to thick, red, and scaly patches. Roflumilast works by reducing inflammation through a special action on enzymes in the skin, helping to relieve redness, itching, and scaling. It’s especially helpful for sensitive areas like the face, neck, or skin folds, where other stronger treatments might be too harsh.

Rosuvastatin

Rosuvastatin is mainly used to lower high cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart-related problems like heart attacks and strokes. It works by blocking an enzyme in the liver that makes cholesterol, especially the "bad" LDL cholesterol, while also helping to raise "good" HDL cholesterol. It's prescribed to people with conditions like high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), mixed dyslipidemia, or familial hypercholesterolemia, and also to those at risk of cardiovascular disease even if their cholesterol isn't very high.

Roxadustat

Roxadustat is used to treat anemia in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), both those who are on dialysis and those who are not. Anemia happens when the kidneys can’t produce enough erythropoietin, a hormone that tells the body to make red blood cells. Roxadustat helps by stimulating the body’s natural ability to produce more red blood cells, improving oxygen delivery and reducing symptoms like fatigue and weakness that come with anemia. It offers an oral alternative to traditional injectable treatments for anemia in CKD patients.

Ruxolitinib Cream

Ruxolitinib cream is mainly used to treat mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (eczema) in patients aged 12 years and older, and nonsegmental vitiligo in adults and children 12 years and up. In eczema, it helps relieve itching, redness, and inflammation by targeting overactive immune responses in the skin. In vitiligo, it helps restore skin color by reducing immune attacks on pigment-producing cells. It works by blocking specific enzymes (JAK1 and JAK2) that cause inflammation and pigment loss, offering a targeted, non-steroid option for managing these chronic skin conditions.

Ruxolitinib

Ruxolitinib is used to treat certain blood disorders called myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, which involve abnormal growth of blood cells in the bone marrow. In myelofibrosis, the bone marrow becomes scarred and doesn’t produce blood cells properly, causing symptoms like fatigue, an enlarged spleen, and weight loss. Ruxolitinib helps reduce these symptoms by blocking specific proteins (JAK1 and JAK2) that cause abnormal cell growth and inflammation. It also helps control polycythemia vera when other treatments haven’t worked well, by lowering the number of red blood cells and reducing the risk of blood clots.

Sacubitril + Valsartan

Sacubitril + Valsartan is mainly used to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in adults. This condition means the heart isn’t pumping blood as strongly as it should. Sacubitril helps relax blood vessels and reduce fluid buildup by increasing protective substances, while Valsartan blocks harmful effects of certain hormones that raise blood pressure and strain the heart. Together, they improve heart function, lower the risk of hospitalization, and help patients live longer by easing symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.

Salmeterol + Fluticasone Propionate

Salmeterol + Fluticasone Propionate is used for long-term control of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It combines two medicines: Fluticasone, a steroid that reduces swelling and inflammation in the airways, and Salmeterol, a long-acting bronchodilator that keeps the airways open. Together, they help prevent symptoms like wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. It’s not meant for quick relief during an asthma attack but is used daily to keep breathing stable and reduce the number of flare-ups.

Secnidazole

Secnidazole is mainly used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria and parasites, such as bacterial vaginosis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. It works by stopping the growth of harmful microorganisms in the body, helping to relieve symptoms like discharge, itching, diarrhea, or stomach pain, depending on the type of infection. It is especially valued for its single-dose treatment approach, which makes it easier for patients to complete therapy compared to multi-day antibiotics.

Secukinumab

Secukinumab is used to treat autoimmune conditions like moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. These are chronic diseases where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, causing symptoms like skin rashes, joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation. Secukinumab works by blocking interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a protein that plays a key role in causing inflammation. By targeting this specific pathway, it helps reduce redness, scaling, joint swelling, and pain, improving daily function and quality of life.

Selinexor

Selinexor is used to treat certain advanced or resistant cancers, specifically multiple myeloma in patients who have already tried several other treatments, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that has returned or not responded to previous therapies. It works by blocking a protein called exportin 1 (XPO1), which helps cancer cells survive and grow. By inhibiting this protein, selinexor causes cancer cells to die and helps control the disease when other treatments have failed.

Selpercatinib

Selpercatinib is used to treat cancers caused by specific changes (mutations or fusions) in the RET gene. It is approved for patients with RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. Selpercatinib works by blocking the abnormal RET protein that helps cancer cells grow. By targeting this mutation, it slows or stops the cancer from spreading, especially in patients who have limited treatment options.

Selumetinib

Selumetinib is used to treat children aged 2 years and older with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas—a type of non-cancerous tumor that grows along nerves and can cause pain, movement problems, or disfigurement. It works by blocking a protein in the MEK pathway, which is overly active in NF1 and drives tumor growth. By targeting this pathway, Selumetinib can help shrink the tumors and improve symptoms like pain or function.

Semaglutide

Semaglutide is used to treat type 2 diabetes and for chronic weight management in adults (and some teens) who are overweight or obese. For diabetes, it helps lower blood sugar by increasing insulin release and slowing digestion. For weight loss, it works by reducing appetite and helping people feel full longer, leading to reduced calorie intake. It is usually prescribed along with diet and exercise and is not used for type 1 diabetes or as a substitute for insulin.

Silodosin

Silodosin is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland in men. As the prostate grows, it can press on the urethra and make it hard to urinate. Silodosin works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, which helps improve urine flow and reduce symptoms like frequent urination, weak stream, and the urgent need to urinate, especially at night. It does not shrink the prostate but helps relieve discomfort caused by the obstruction.

Sitagliptin + Metformin

Sitagliptin + Metformin is used together to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults when blood sugar isn’t well controlled with metformin alone or other treatments. Metformin lowers blood sugar by decreasing sugar production in the liver and improving how the body uses insulin, while Sitagliptin helps the pancreas release more insulin and reduce sugar made by the liver, especially after meals. This combination targets different parts of the blood sugar process, helping to maintain more stable levels and reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications.

Sitagliptin

Sitagliptin is used to help manage type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving blood sugar control in adults. It works by enhancing the body’s natural incretin hormones, which help increase insulin release after meals and reduce the amount of sugar produced by the liver. Sitagliptin is often used alone or in combination with other diabetes medications like metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin when diet and exercise alone aren’t enough. It helps lower HbA1c levels over time and supports better long-term blood sugar balance.

Sofosbuvir + Daclatasvir

Sofosbuvir + Daclatasvir is a combination therapy used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults, especially effective across multiple HCV genotypes (like genotypes 1, 2, and 3). This combo works by targeting different viral proteins—Sofosbuvir blocks viral RNA replication, while Daclatasvir interferes with viral assembly and spread. Together, they help stop the virus from multiplying and support complete viral clearance. This treatment is suitable for patients with or without cirrhosis, and sometimes combined with ribavirin in more advanced cases.

Sofosbuvir + Ledipasvir

Sofosbuvir + Ledipasvir is used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, especially genotypes 1, 4, 5, and 6, in adults and some children. It is effective in patients with or without cirrhosis, and in some cases, even those who have failed previous treatments. This fixed-dose combination works by blocking two key viral proteins—Sofosbuvir stops the virus from replicating, while Ledipasvir prevents the virus from assembling and spreading. Together, they help achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), which means the virus becomes undetectable after completing treatment.

Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir + Voxilaprevir

This combination is used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults who have previously failed treatment with certain direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), including NS5A inhibitors. It is especially helpful for people with genotypes 1 through 6, making it a pan-genotypic option. It works by targeting three different proteins the virus needs to survive—Sofosbuvir blocks viral replication, Velpatasvir stops viral assembly, and Voxilaprevir blocks viral maturation—giving it powerful effectiveness against resistant strains of the virus.

Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir

Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir is used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults and children aged 6 years and older or weighing at least 17 kg. It is a pan-genotypic treatment, meaning it works against all HCV genotypes (1–6), making it a versatile option for most patients. It is effective in those with or without liver cirrhosis, and can even be used in cases with compensated or decompensated liver disease (with added ribavirin if needed). It works by targeting two essential viral proteins, helping to block the virus from multiplying and clearing it from the body.

Sofosbuvir

Sofosbuvir is used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults and children aged 3 years and older. It targets the virus directly by blocking a key protein (NS5B polymerase) the virus needs to multiply. Sofosbuvir is not used alone—it’s always combined with other antiviral medicines such as ledipasvir, velpatasvir, or ribavirin, depending on the genotype of the virus and the patient’s liver condition. It helps to clear the virus from the body, reduce liver damage, and prevent complications like cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Sorafenib

Sorafenib is used to treat certain types of advanced cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), advanced renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), and differentiated thyroid cancer that no longer responds to radioactive iodine therapy. It works by blocking specific proteins (tyrosine kinases) that cancer cells use to grow new blood vessels and multiply. By cutting off the tumor’s blood supply and interfering with its growth signals, Sorafenib helps slow down or stop the spread of cancer.

Sotalol

Sotalol is used to treat and prevent certain abnormal heart rhythms, especially atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. It works by slowing down the heart's electrical signals, helping it beat more regularly and efficiently. Sotalol acts both as a beta-blocker and a potassium channel blocker, which helps stabilize the heartbeat. It's usually prescribed when other treatments haven't worked or when the risk of dangerous arrhythmias is high.

Sotorasib

Sotorasib is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults whose tumors have a specific mutation called KRAS G12C. It is prescribed when the cancer has spread (metastatic) or cannot be removed by surgery, and the patient has already received at least one prior line of treatment (like chemotherapy or immunotherapy). Sotorasib works by directly targeting the KRAS G12C protein, which drives the cancer’s growth, helping to slow or stop tumor progression in patients with this mutation.

Sparsentan

Sparsentan is approved for the treatment of primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), a chronic kidney disease where abnormal IgA antibodies build up in the kidneys, causing inflammation and protein leakage into urine (proteinuria). It works by blocking two key receptors (endothelin type A and angiotensin II type 1), helping to reduce protein loss and slow down kidney damage. Sparsentan is especially useful in patients at high risk of progression who still have significant proteinuria despite standard treatment.

Stiripentol

Stiripentol is indicated as an add-on treatment for Dravet syndrome, a rare and severe type of epilepsy that begins in early childhood. It is used in combination with other anti-seizure medications like clobazam and valproate when seizures are not well controlled. Stiripentol helps reduce the frequency and severity of seizures by increasing the effect of GABA (a calming chemical in the brain), which helps stabilize brain activity. It is not used alone and is specifically approved for patients who are 2 years of age and older with Dravet syndrome.

Sucralfate

Sucralfate is mainly used to treat and promote healing of active duodenal ulcers and sometimes gastric (stomach) ulcers. It works by forming a sticky, gel-like layer that binds to the ulcer surface, creating a protective barrier against stomach acid, enzymes, and bile salts. This shield allows the ulcer to heal more effectively. It does not reduce acid production, but instead protects the damaged area so healing can occur. Sucralfate is also sometimes used to prevent ulcers in patients under high stress or those using NSAIDs.

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimetoprim

Sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections (like bronchitis), ear infections, traveler's diarrhea, and certain types of pneumonia, especially in people with weakened immune systems. It works by blocking the production of folic acid in bacteria, which they need to grow and multiply, effectively stopping the infection. This combination antibiotic is chosen for its broad coverage and effectiveness against many common bacteria.

Sultamicillin

Sultamicillin is prescribed to treat various bacterial infections, especially those caused by bacteria resistant to regular penicillin. It is commonly used for infections of the respiratory tract (like tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia), urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, and gynecological infections. The medicine works by stopping the growth of bacteria and enhancing the effect of ampicillin through sulbactam, which blocks bacterial resistance mechanisms.

Sunitinib

Sunitinib is used to treat certain types of cancer by stopping the growth of cancer cells and cutting off their blood supply. It is mainly prescribed for advanced kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that don't respond to imatinib, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) that have spread or cannot be removed by surgery. Sunitinib works by blocking specific enzymes (tyrosine kinases) that cancer cells need to grow and survive.

Talazoparib

Talazoparib is used to treat HER2-negative breast cancer in adults who have an inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation and whose cancer has spread (metastatic) or cannot be removed by surgery. It works by blocking an enzyme called PARP, which helps cancer cells repair themselves. By stopping this repair process, Talazoparib causes cancer cells to die, especially in people with BRCA mutations who already have trouble fixing DNA damage.

Tamoxifen Citrate

Tamoxifen Citrate is mainly used to treat and prevent breast cancer, especially in women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. It’s given to patients after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation to lower the risk of cancer coming back. It is also used in women at high risk of developing breast cancer to reduce that risk. Tamoxifen works by blocking estrogen, a hormone that can help certain breast cancers grow.

Tamsulosin Hydrochloride + Dutasteride

This medicine is prescribed to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland in men. It helps relieve symptoms like frequent urination, weak urine stream, and difficulty starting urination. Tamsulosin relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck to improve urine flow, while Dutasteride reduces the size of the prostate over time by blocking the hormone that causes it to grow.

Tarlatamab-dlle

Tarlatamab-dlle is used to treat adults with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) whose disease has worsened after at least one platinum-based chemotherapy treatment. It works by helping the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. This medicine is part of a newer class of treatments called bispecific T-cell engagers, which bring immune cells directly to cancer cells to boost the body's ability to fight the tumor.

Tazemetostat

Tazemetostat is used to treat certain rare cancers like epithelioid sarcoma and follicular lymphoma that have specific genetic changes affecting the EZH2 enzyme or when other treatments have not worked. It works by blocking the EZH2 protein, which helps cancer cells grow and survive. By inhibiting this protein, Tazemetostat can slow down or stop cancer growth.

Telbivudine

Telbivudine is used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection in adults who show signs of active viral replication and liver inflammation. It helps by lowering the amount of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the body and reducing liver damage, though it does not cure the infection. It is most effective in patients with high viral load and abnormal liver enzyme levels, helping to prevent complications like liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Telmisartan

Telmisartan is mainly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to reduce the risk of heart-related problems like heart attacks or strokes, especially in people with type 2 diabetes, heart disease, or kidney problems. It belongs to a group of medicines called ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers), which help relax blood vessels so blood flows more easily, lowering blood pressure and easing the heart’s workload.

Temozolomide

Temozolomide is mainly used to treat certain types of brain cancer, especially glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma in adults. It works by damaging the DNA inside cancer cells, stopping them from growing and dividing. It is often given along with radiation therapy for newly diagnosed cases, or used alone for tumors that have returned or haven’t responded to other treatments.

Temsirolimus

Temsirolimus is mainly used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a type of kidney cancer that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. It is especially helpful for patients with poor-risk factors (those who are less likely to respond well to standard treatments). Temsirolimus works by blocking a protein called mTOR, which helps cancer cells grow and survive. By inhibiting mTOR, it slows down tumor growth and may shrink the cancer.

Tenofovir Alafenamide

Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) is used to treat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HIV-1 infection in adults and certain adolescents. For hepatitis B, it helps reduce the amount of virus in the body and lowers the risk of liver damage. For HIV, it's used as part of a combination therapy to suppress the virus, helping the immune system stay strong. TAF is a newer form of tenofovir that delivers the drug more efficiently, allowing for lower doses with fewer side effects.

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) is used to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children aged 2 years and older, and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults and adolescents. In HIV treatment, it helps lower the viral load and boost the immune system when combined with other antiretroviral drugs. In hepatitis B, it works by reducing the amount of virus in the body and slowing liver damage.

Tepotinib

Tepotinib is used to treat adults with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has spread (metastasized) and has a specific genetic change called MET exon 14 skipping mutation. This mutation causes cancer cells to grow uncontrollably. Tepotinib is a targeted therapy that blocks the MET protein, helping to slow or stop cancer growth. It is prescribed after confirming the presence of the mutation through genetic testing.

Testosterone undecanoate

Testosterone undecanoate is prescribed for men who have low or absent testosterone levels, a condition known as male hypogonadism. It helps replace the missing hormone and treats symptoms like fatigue, low sex drive, mood changes, reduced muscle mass, and bone loss. It can be used when the body cannot produce enough testosterone due to medical conditions like testicular failure, pituitary disorders, or genetic problems.

Thalidomide

Thalidomide is primarily used to treat multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer, especially in newly diagnosed patients who cannot undergo stem cell transplant. It is also used for certain skin conditions linked to leprosy (erythema nodosum leprosum). Thalidomide works by slowing the growth of cancer cells, reducing inflammation, and modulating the immune system. In multiple myeloma, it is usually combined with other medications like dexamethasone for better results.

Thioguanine

Thioguanine is mainly used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It helps by interfering with the growth of cancerous white blood cells, slowing or stopping their spread. Thioguanine is usually part of combination chemotherapy during the induction or consolidation phases of treatment to help reduce the number of leukemia cells. It is not typically used for maintenance therapy due to its potential side effects, especially on the liver.

Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes in adults by helping to lower blood sugar levels. It also has approval or is being used for chronic weight management in people who are overweight or obese, especially those with weight-related health issues like high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Tirzepatide works by mimicking two natural hormones (GIP and GLP-1) that help regulate blood sugar, appetite, and digestion, making it effective for both diabetes control and weight loss.

Tivozanib

Tivozanib is used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a type of kidney cancer, especially in patients who have already tried other cancer treatments that didn’t work or stopped working. It works by blocking specific proteins called VEGF receptors, which are involved in the growth of new blood vessels that feed tumors. By cutting off the blood supply, Tivozanib helps slow or stop the cancer from growing.

Tocilizumab

Tocilizumab is used to treat several immune-related conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), giant cell arteritis (GCA), and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) caused by certain cancer treatments. It works by blocking a protein called interleukin-6 (IL-6), which plays a key role in inflammation. By targeting IL-6, tocilizumab helps reduce pain, swelling, and immune system overactivity that causes tissue damage in these conditions.

Tofacitinib

Tofacitinib is used to treat certain autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). These conditions occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. Tofacitinib works by blocking specific enzymes called Janus kinases (JAKs) that are involved in the immune response, helping to reduce inflammation, pain, swelling, and damage in the joints or gut.

Topotecan

Topotecan is mainly used to treat certain types of cancer, especially when other treatments haven’t worked well. It’s most commonly prescribed for small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer. This drug works by stopping cancer cells from multiplying and growing, helping to slow down or shrink tumors. Doctors choose Topotecan when the cancer has either come back after initial treatment or is advanced. It can be given alone or combined with other chemotherapy medicines, depending on the specific cancer and patient condition.

Trabectedin

Trabectedin is used mainly to treat certain rare and difficult cancers like soft tissue sarcoma—a type of cancer that starts in muscles, fat, or connective tissues—and ovarian cancer, especially when these cancers have returned after other treatments or haven’t responded well to standard chemotherapy. It works by interfering with the cancer cells’ DNA, preventing them from growing and dividing. Doctors choose trabectedin when other chemotherapy drugs haven’t been effective or when patients need a different treatment option to control the cancer.

Trametinib

Trametinib is a targeted cancer medicine used mainly to treat melanoma, a serious type of skin cancer, especially when the cancer has a specific mutation called BRAF V600. It works by blocking a protein called MEK, which is part of a pathway that helps cancer cells grow and survive. By inhibiting MEK, trametinib helps slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells. It’s often given to patients whose melanoma has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. Sometimes, it’s combined with another drug called dabrafenib for better results.

Trastuzumab

Trastuzumab is a targeted therapy used to treat certain types of breast cancer and stomach (gastric) cancer that have high levels of a protein called HER2 on their cells. HER2-positive cancers tend to grow faster, and trastuzumab works by attaching to this protein and blocking cancer growth, helping the immune system destroy these cancer cells. It is often given alongside chemotherapy for early-stage or advanced cancers that test positive for HER2, improving treatment success and survival rates.

Trelagliptin

Trelagliptin is an oral medication used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. It helps lower blood sugar levels by increasing the amount of insulin released after meals and reducing the amount of sugar made by the liver. It works by blocking an enzyme called DPP-4, which breaks down hormones (incretins) involved in blood sugar control. Trelagliptin is unique because it's taken once a week, making it more convenient than daily medications. It's usually prescribed along with diet, exercise, or other diabetes drugs when blood sugar isn’t well controlled.

Tretinoin

Tretinoin is used for two main medical purposes: treating acne and a type of blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). As a topical cream or gel, it helps clear acne by speeding up skin cell turnover, preventing clogged pores, and reducing inflammation. In its oral form (capsule), tretinoin is used to treat APL by helping immature blood cells mature properly, which is crucial in controlling this life-threatening cancer. Its action differs based on how it's used—topically for skin and orally for cancer.

Triamcinolone Hexacetonide

Triamcinolone Hexacetonide is mainly used to reduce inflammation and pain in joint-related conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, and synovitis. It is especially helpful when inflammation is limited to a few joints, and other treatments haven’t worked well. The medicine is injected directly into the affected joint to provide long-lasting relief, often lasting weeks to months, by calming down the body’s immune response in that specific area.

Trifluoperazine

Trifluoperazine is mainly used to treat schizophrenia, a mental illness that affects thinking, emotions, and behavior. It helps reduce symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and severe agitation. In smaller doses, it can also be used for short-term relief of severe anxiety when other treatments haven't worked. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain (mainly dopamine) that are involved in mood and perception.

Trifluridine and Tipiracil

Trifluridine and Tipiracil is mainly used to treat adults with advanced colorectal cancer or gastric (stomach) cancer, including gastroesophageal junction cancer, that has spread (metastasized) and no longer responds to standard treatments like chemotherapy or targeted therapy. This combination works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells—Trifluridine damages cancer cell DNA, while Tipiracil helps keep Trifluridine active in the body longer.

Triptorelin Acetate

Triptorelin Acetate is mainly used to treat central precocious puberty (CPP) in children, a condition where puberty starts too early due to early hormone release from the brain. It works by slowing down the production of sex hormones (like estrogen and testosterone), helping delay further physical development until the appropriate age. By controlling early puberty, it supports normal growth and emotional development.

Tucatinib

Tucatinib is used to treat adults with HER2-positive breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic) or cannot be surgically removed. It is especially effective when the cancer has also spread to the brain. Tucatinib is usually given with other medicines like trastuzumab and capecitabine in patients who have already tried one or more HER2-targeted treatments. It works by blocking HER2 signals that help cancer cells grow.

Upadacitinib

Upadacitinib is used to treat several autoimmune and inflammatory conditions where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. It is approved for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, and moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (eczema) in patients who haven’t responded well to other treatments. It works by blocking specific enzymes (called JAKs) that cause inflammation, helping to reduce pain, swelling, skin symptoms, and improve quality of life.

Valaciclovir

Valaciclovir, is an antiviral medicine used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, such as genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults. It is also prescribed for treating cold sores in children aged 12 and older, and chickenpox in children aged 2 and above. Valaciclovir works by slowing the growth and spread of the virus, helping to reduce symptoms and speed up healing. However, it does not cure herpes but helps manage outbreaks more effectively.

Valbenazine

Valbenazine, is mainly used to treat tardive dyskinesia, a condition that causes uncontrollable movements of the face, tongue, or other parts of the body, often due to long-term use of certain psychiatric medications. Valbenazine may also help reduce chorea, a type of jerky, involuntary movement seen in people with Huntington’s disease. Valbenazine works by regulating certain brain chemicals involved in muscle control, helping to improve movement and quality of life. Valbenazine is a prescription medicine used under a doctor’s guidance.

Valganciclovir

Valganciclovir, is prescribed to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, an eye infection that can occur in people with AIDS and may lead to vision loss if untreated. It is also used to prevent CMV infection in patients who have received organ transplants like kidney, heart, or kidney-pancreas, especially those at high risk. The medicine works by slowing the growth of the virus to reduce its harmful effects. It is only available with a doctor’s prescription and is used in patients whose immune systems are weakened.

Vemurafenib

Vemurafenib, is mainly used to treat certain types of cancer caused by a specific gene mutation called BRAF V600E. It is commonly prescribed for advanced melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer, and also for a rare blood-related cancer called Erdheim-Chester disease. This medication works by blocking the abnormal protein made by the mutated gene, helping to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells. It is only available with a doctor’s prescription and used when the patient tests positive for the BRAF mutation.

Venetoclax

Venetoclax, is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), which are slow-growing types of blood cancer. Venetoclax is also approved for use in combination with other medications like azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine to treat newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults aged 75 or older, or in those who cannot receive intensive chemotherapy due to other health conditions. Venetoclax works by targeting and blocking a protein called BCL-2, which helps cancer cells survive, allowing the cancer cells to die naturally.

Verapamil

Verapamil, is a prescription medicine used to treat high blood pressure (essential hypertension), chest pain (angina), and certain types of abnormal heart rhythms (supraventricular arrhythmias). Verapamil works by relaxing blood vessels and slowing the heart rate, which helps lower blood pressure, improve blood flow, and reduce the heart's workload. As a calcium channel blocker, Verapamil prevents calcium from entering heart and muscle cells, which helps to stabilize the heartbeat and reduce chest pain. It can also help increase your ability to exercise by improving heart efficiency.

Vibegron

Vibegron, is a prescription medicine used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) in adults. It helps manage symptoms such as sudden urges to urinate, frequent urination, and urge urinary incontinence (leaking urine before reaching the bathroom). Vibegron works by relaxing the bladder muscles, which increases the bladder's capacity to hold urine and reduces the urgency and number of bathroom visits.

Vigabatrin

Vigabatrin, is a prescription anticonvulsant medicine used as an add-on treatment for patients aged 2 years and older who have not achieved adequate seizure control with other medications. Vigabatrin is also used as a primary treatment for infantile spasms in babies. Vigabatrin helps reduce the number and severity of seizures by increasing the levels of GABA, a calming chemical in the brain that helps prevent overactive nerve signals.

Vincristine Sulfate

Vincristine Sulfate is a chemotherapy medicine used to treat various types of cancer, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and some brain tumors. It works by stopping cancer cells from dividing, which helps slow or stop their growth. Because it targets rapidly dividing cells, it is especially effective in blood cancers and childhood cancers where cell growth is very fast.

Vinorelbine Tartrate

Vinorelbine Tartrate is mainly used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and sometimes advanced breast cancer when other treatments have not worked. It belongs to a group of chemotherapy drugs called vinca alkaloids, which work by stopping cancer cells from dividing and growing. This helps slow the spread of cancer and may reduce tumor size, improving symptoms and quality of life in some patients.

Vismodegib

Vismodegib is used to treat advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a common type of skin cancer that has either spread (metastasized) or cannot be removed with surgery or treated with radiation. It targets and blocks the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which plays a key role in the growth of BCC cells. By stopping this pathway, Vismodegib helps slow down or stop the cancer from growing.

Vorasidenib

Vorasidenib is used to treat patients 12 years and older with a type of slow-growing brain tumor called Grade 2 astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma that carries an IDH1 or IDH2 gene mutation and has not progressed after surgery. These tumors grow from glial cells and are known for being hard to treat. Vorasidenib works by targeting and blocking the mutated IDH enzymes, which are responsible for producing abnormal substances that help tumor cells grow. By stopping this process, it helps slow the tumor’s growth and delay the need for more aggressive treatments like radiation or chemotherapy.

Zanubrutinib

Zanubrutinib is used to treat certain types of blood cancers that affect B cells, such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), and follicular lymphoma (FL). It works by blocking a protein called Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), which helps cancer cells survive and multiply. By inhibiting BTK, Zanubrutinib slows down the growth of cancer cells and helps control the disease.

Zoledronic Acid Injection

Zoledronic acid injection is used to treat a variety of bone-related conditions, especially in people at risk of bone loss or complications from cancer. It is commonly used to manage osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men, reduce fractures, and treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It is also used for Paget’s disease of bone, where the bone becomes abnormally shaped and weak, and for cancer patients to prevent or treat bone damage caused by metastasis or high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia of malignancy). It works by slowing bone breakdown, helping maintain bone strength and reducing complications.

Zoledronic Acid

Zoledronic acid is used to treat and prevent bone-related conditions. It helps strengthen bones and reduce the risk of fractures in people with osteoporosis, including postmenopausal women and men. It's also used to treat Paget’s disease of bone, and to manage bone complications in cancer patients, such as bone metastases or high calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia of malignancy). Zoledronic acid works by slowing down the activity of cells that break down bone, helping to maintain bone strength and structure.

Generics